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LIBRARY  OF  THE 

UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS 

AT  URBANA-CHAMPAIGN 

IN  MEMORY  OF 

STEWART  S.  HOWE 

JOURNALISM  CLASS  OF  1928 


STEWART  S.  HOWE  FOUNDATION 


917.53 
M83 

184? 


I.H.S. 


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TO     THE     CITY     OF 


A  S  H I N  G  T 


AND    ITS     VIC1N)TV 


•^ 


''M  iJJ)  VAULT  AT   W    VERWO" 


/TK  .!/.  ^1/Oj^jvys'o^v,  I'i^^trji^vi'S. 


MORRISON'S 


sffiiEA3Kr©iiiEgi^  ©wnisii 


TO    THE 


CITY    OF   WASHINGTON, 


AND    ITS    VICINITY. 


ILLUSTRATED  WITH  SEVENTEEN  ORIGINAL  DESIGNS  ON 

STEEL,  AND  A  HEAD  OF  WASHINGTON  FROM 

A    PICTURE    BY    WRIGHT,  NEVER 

BEFORE  ENGRAVED, 


PUBLISHED  BY  WILLIAM  M.  MORRISON, 
WASHINGTON  CITY. 


'>-^»  >CK^'N/' >■  > 


18  42. 


4  CONTEJN'TS. 

Georgetown 74 

Heights  of  Georgetown 76 

Catholic  College 77 

Free  School 81 

Convent  of  Visitation 81 

Alexandria S3 

Mount  Vernon 89 

Potomac  River 92 

Little  Falls  Bridge 95 

Bladensburg 97 

Carriage  Fare 99 


EMBELLISHMENTS. 

Portrait  of  Washington— Vingnetto,  Old  Vault  at 
Mount  Vernon— View  of  the  city  of  Washington- 
East  view  of  the  Capitol — South-west  view  of  the 
Capitol— President's  House— Treasury  Department- 
General  Post  Office— Patent  Office— Navy  Yard- 
Burial  Ground— Georgetown— Heights  of  George- 
town—Alexandria— Mount  Vernon — Vault  at  Mount 
Vernon— Little  Falls  Bridge— Bladensburg. 


si®miEns®:^^s  ©whidiio 


CITY    OF   WASHINGTON. 

The  Metropolis  of  a  great  country,  is  always 
a  subject  of  interest.  It  is  supposed  to  be  the 
mirror  of  the  nation,  and  travellers  and  stran- 
gers are  ever  inclined  to  form  an  'opinion  of 
the  people  at  large,  by  the  state  of  the  Me- 
tropolis of  the  country.  This  holds  good 
in  a  moral  point  of  view,  and  is  equally  cor- 
rect when  adopted  as  a  criterion  of  judgment 
of  the  state  of  the  Arts  and  Sciences  of  a 
nation. 

The  City  of  Washington  is  the  seat  of 
the  Government  of  the  United  States.  It  is 
located  in  the  District  of  Columbia,  a  territory 
of  ten  miles  square,  formed  into  a  separate 
and  detached  jurisdiction  by  the  Constitution 
of  the  United  States.    Within  the  limits  of  the 


6  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

District  of  Columbia,  lie  the  towns  of  Wash- 
ington, Georgetown  and  Alexandria.  The 
river  Potomac,  flowing  from  the  moimtainous 
regions  of  Virginia  and  Maryland,  divides  the 
District  in  twain ;  Alexandria  being  on  the 
Virginia  side.  The  other  two  cities  lying  on 
the  shores  of  Maryland. 

The  City  of  Washington  was  laid  out  by 
General  Washington,  according  to  an  act 
of  Congress;  and  in  ISOO,  Congress  for  the 
first  time  took  up  its  permanent  abode  with- 
in its  limits.  It  lies  in  latitude  38°  53" 
north. 

The  view  given  by  the  artist,  of  the  City 
of  Washington,  is  taken  from  a  point  of  land 
known  by  the  name  of  Giesborough,  at  the 
mouth  of  the  Eastern  Branch,  and  embraces 
every  point  of  interest.  In  front  flow  the 
Potomac  and  the  Eastern  Branch,  the  former 
opening  from  the  narrows  of  Georgetown, 
and  the  latter  pouring  its  tributary  waters 
into  the  larger  stream,  after  liaving  swept  the 
wharves  of  the  Navy  Yard.  Directly  op- 
posite is  the  Military  Arsenal,  while  to  the 
south  is  seen  the  President's  House,  and  the 


CITYOFWASHIXGTON.  7 

Capitol  towers  over  all  in  the  eastern  sec- 
tion of  the  city.  The  figures  employed  in 
the  picture  are  historical.  They  are  fisher- 
men engaged  in  the  Potomac  fisheries.  This 
is  a  peculiar  feature  of  this  great  and  valuable 
river.  Millions  of  Herrings,  and  immense 
numbers  of  Shad,  are  annually  caught,  packed 
up  in  barrels,  and  thence  distributed  to  every 
region  of  the  United  States.  The  fisheries 
commence  in  the  spring,  and  usually  last  from 
four  to  six  weeks. 

The  whole  area  of  the  city  consists  of  up- 
wards of  four  thousand  acres.  The  ground 
is  about  forty  feet  above  the  level  of  the  river. 
The  original  proprietors  of  the  land  on  which 
the  city  is  laid  out,  in  consideration  of  the 
great  benefits  which  they  expected  to  derive 
from  the  location  of  the  city,  conveyed  in 
trust,  to  the  Commissioners,  for  the  use  of 
the  public,  and  for  the  purpose  of  establish- 
ing the  city,  the  whole  of  their  respective 
lands  which  are  included  within  the  lines 
of  the  city,  upon  condition,  that  after  retain- 
ing for  the  public,  the  ground  of  the  streets, 
and  any  number  of  squares  that  the  President 


8  MORRISON-S    GUIDE. 

may  think  proper  for  public  improvements 
or  other  public  uses,  the  lots  shall  be  fairly 
and  equally  divided  between  the  public  and 
the  respective  proprietors.  By  this  means 
the  public  had  possession  of  more  than  ten 
thousand  lots,  from  which  funds  were  to  be 
raised,  to  defray  the  expense  of  the  public 
buildings,  in  addition  to  192,000  dollars,  (Vir- 
ginia gave  120,000  and  Maryland  72,000,)  and 
to  effect  all  the  other  objects  of  a  permanent 
location.  Many  of  the  streets  of  Washington 
are  one  hunded  and  sixty  feet  wide,  and  none 
under  ninety  feet.  The  laws  of  Maryland, 
and  Virginia,  very  generally  prevail  in  the 
jurisprudence  of  the  District. 

The  following  is  the  1st  section  of  an  act, 
passed  on  the  16th  July,  1790,  to  establish 
the  seat  of  Government. 

"  An  act  for  establishing  the  temporary  and 
permanent  Seat  of  the  Government  of  the 
United  States. 

"  Sect.  1st.  Be  it  enacted  by  the  Senate 
and  House  of  Representatives  of  the  United 
States  of  America  in  Congress  assembled: 
That  a  District  or  Territory,  not  exceeding 


CITY   OF   WASIIIjN-GTOIV.  9 

ten  miles  square,  to  be  located,  as  hereafter 
directed,  on  the  river  Potomac,  at  some  place 
between  the  mouths  of  the  Eastern  Branch 
and  Connogocfieqiie  be,  and  the  same  is  here- 
by accepted  for  the  Permanent  Seat  of  the 
Government  of  the  United  Slates :  Provided, 
nevertheless,  That  the  operations  of  the  laws 
of  the  States  within  such  District  sliall  not 
be  affected  by  the  acceptance  until  the  time 
fixed  for  the  removal  of  the  Government 
thereto,  and  until  Congress  shall  otherwise 
by  law  provide." 

In  obedience  to  this  clause.  General  Wash- 
ington, the  President,  after  diligent  observa- 
tion, selected  this  section,  as  the  ssat  of  the 
Federal  Government,  and  had  the  city  laid 
out  on  a  plan  of  magnificence,  commensurate 
with  his  own  great  and  expansive  mind. 

HISTORICAL  FACTS  WITH  REFLECTIONS. 

It  is  an  historical  fact,  that  even  before  the 
Revolutionary  war,  the  site  of  the  City  of 
Washington  was  laid  out,  and  called  Rcmf-. 
A  gentleman  by  the  name  of  Pope  was  the 
proprietor   of   the    soil,  and  the    Tiher   rnii 

A* 


10  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

through  his  tract.  The  stream  still  flows,  a 
muddy  brook,  and  has  its  ancient  name  of 
fame. 

Here,  also,  even  when  these  names  were  not 
remarkable  among  the  people  of  those  days ; 
when,  though  they  were,  they  were  not  look- 
ed upon  as  prophetic,  the  Indians  of  many 
tribes  congregated,  and  deliberated  in  council. 
Here  they  regulated  their  wild  government, 
made  treaties  and  declared  war.  The  legend 
is  true,  and  General  Washington,  it  is  sup- 
posed,  was  aware  of  the  fact. 

How  singularly,  then,  has  this  location  be- 
come the  seat  of  a  great  empire.  There  is  a 
romance  around  every,  even  the  most  com- 
mon, incident  of  life,  and  here  we  find  it. 
Here,  where  the  name  of  Rome,  the  mighty 
znistress  of  a  world  dead  but  unforgotten,  was 
a  familiar  word,  where  even  the  common  til- 
lers of  the  soil  recognized  its  sound,  and  ap- 
plied it  to  the  mighty  forest  lands  that  then 
were  here,  when  in  going  and  returning  to 
their  daily  work  they  crossed  the  Tiber,  how 
strangely  has  it  happened  that  here,  an  empire 
great  as  the  mother  of  empires  herself,  has 


CITY  OF   WASHINGTON.  H 

been  established — that  on  the  land  called 
Rome,  a  Capitol  is  built,  a  Senate  house  and 
a  Forum — that  here  a  bridge  spans  the  Ti- 
ber's yellow  tide,  and  thousands  pass  it  on 
the  avocations  of  a  millioned  empire  —  that 
here  is  the  house  of  a  Chief  Magistrate,  and 
all  the  forms  of  a  republic,  and  more  than  its 
shadow. 


THE    CAPITOL. 


This  building  was  commenced  in  1793,  by 
Mr.  Hallet,  as  architect.  During  the  last  war 
it  was  destroyed  by  the  British  army,  at  the 
time  of  their  memorable  incursion  upon  tlie 
Metropolis.  Jn  1813,  Congress  determined 
to  rebuild  the  Capitol. 

The  Capitol  of  the  United  States  is  situated 
on  an  area  of  twenty-two  and  a  half  acres  — 
is  on  an  eminence,  whence  the  eye  runs 
along  the  distant  shores  of  the  Potomac,  the 
green-clad  hills  of  Georgetown  heights,  and 
the  umbrageous  shores  of  the  Eastern  Branch. 
Looking  from  its  terrace,  the  vision  is  refresh- 
ed with  beauty,  and  the  whole  view,  north, 
south,  east  and  west,  combines  a  panorama  of 
grandeur  unsurpassed  by  any  location  in  the 
country.  From  the  grounds  can  be  seen  the 
cities  of  Alexandria  ^nd  Georgetown,  the 
former  lying  some  six  or  seven  miles  down 


THE  CAPITOL.  13 

the  river,  and  the  latter  three  miles  distant  to 
the  west, 

Tlie  exterior  of  this  edifice  presents  a  rus- 
ticated basement  of  the  height  of  the  first 
story ;  the  two  other  stories  are  comprised  in 
a  Corinthian  elevation  of  pilasters  and  co- 
lumns. The  columns  are  thirty  feet  in  height, 
and  compose  a  portico  on  the  eastern  front 
of  one  hundred  and  sixty  feet  in  extent,  the 
centre  of  which  is  crowned  by  a  tympanum, 
embellished  with  a  group  of  statuary,  the 
composition  of  the  venerable  J.  Q.  Adams, 
and  the  execution  of  Persico,  the  Italian. 

The  building  is  surrounded  by  a  balustrade 
of  stone,  and  covered  with  a  lofty  dome  in 
the  centre,  and  a  flat  dome  on  each  wing. 

The  dimensions  are  as  follows  :    The  en- 
closure within  the  iron  railing  contains  twen- 
ty-two and  a  half  acres  of  ground ;  length  of 
foot  walk  outside  of  railing,  three  quarters  of 
a  mile  and  one  hundred  and  eighty-five  feet. 
Length  of  front,    -         -     352  feet,  4  inches. 
Depdi  of  wing,     -         -     121    "     6     " 
East  projection  and  steps,      65    " 
West       «  «  83    « 


14  MORRISOX'S    GUIDE. 

Covering  one  and  a  half  acres,  and  one  thou- 
sand eight  hundred  and  twenty  feet. 
Height  of  wings  to  top  of  balustrade,  70  feet. 
Height  to  top  of  centre  dome,       -     145    " 
Representatives'  Room,  length,      -       95    " 
"  "       height,      -       60    " 

Senate  Chamber,  length,       -         -       74    " 

"  "  height,       -         -       42    « 

Height  of  great  central  Rotundo,     -       96    " 
Diameter     "         "  "  -       96    " 

The   north  wing  was  commencetl   in   1793, 

and  finished  in  1800  :  cost,     ^480,262  57 
South    wing    commenced    in 

1803,  and  finished  in  1808 : 

cost,        -        -        -        -       308,808  41 
Centre    building    commenced 

O 

in    1818,    and   finished   in 

1827:  cost,      -        -         -       957,647  35 


Total,        -         -        -  $1,746,718  33 


The  Hall  of  the  Representatives  is  in  the 
second  story  of  the  south  wing,  and  is  of  the 
form  of  the  ancient  Grecian  theatre.  The 
chord  of  the  largest  dimension  is  ninety-six 


THE   CAPITOL.  I5 

feet.  The  height  to  the  highest  point  of  the 
domical  ceiling  is  sixty  feet. 

This  room  is  suiToimded  by  twenty-four 
columns  of  variegated  native  marble,  from  the 
banks  of  the  Potomac,  with  capitals  of  white 
Italian  marble,  carved  after  the  Corinthian 
order,  still  remaining  among  the  ruins  of 
Athens.  The  dome  is  rich  and  grand,  simi- 
lar to  the  Pantheon  of  Rome,  and  executed 
by  a  young  Italian  artist,  Benoni,  now  dead. 
In  the  centre  of  the  dome  is  a  cupola,  to  ad- 
mit the  light  upon  the  desks  of  the  members. 
The  Speaker's  chair  is  elevated  above  the 
floor,  and  canopied ;  above  it,  and  under  an 
arch,  is  a  statue  of  liberty  by  Causici,  and  on 
the  entablature  beneath,  is  an  American  eagle, 
copied  from  nature  by  an  Italian  artist,  who 
has  left  but  this  one  specimen  of  talents  in 
this  country. 

"  The  artist,  Seignor  Valaperte,  was  but  a 
short  time  in  America,  the  most  of  which  he 
spent  in  Washington.  He  was  retiring  in  his 
liabits,  and  of  a  melancholy  temperament,  as- 
sociating with  few  persons,  and  with  them 
but  seldom.      Soon  after  the  completion  of 


16  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

this  work,  (the  eagle,)  he  disappeared  in  a 
mysterious  manner,  but  soon  after  a  body 
being  found  in  the  Potomac,  identified  as  his, 
the  doubt  was  solved,  and  the  fated  child  of 
genius  was  known  to  have  met  his  death  by 
self-destruction." 

In  front  of  the  Speaker's  chair  and  imme- 
diately over  the  entrance,  is  a  marble  statue 
of  History,  recording  the  events  of  the  nation. 
She  is  placed  on  a  winged  car,  traversed  by 
the  signs  of  the  zodiac,  and  the  wheel  of  the 
car  is  composed  of  a  clock,  the  whole  of 
beautiful  structure  and  design. 

On  one  side  of  the  Loggia  is  a  portrait  of 
Lafayette,  executed  in  full  length  by  a  French 
artist,  and  said  to  be  an  admirable  likeness  of 
the  illustrious  Frenchman.  Opposite  to  this 
picture  is  one  to  correspond,  of  Washington, 
painted  by  Vanderlyn. 

Between  the  columns,  at  thBir  base,  are 
sofas  placed  for  those  admitted  by  rule  and 
privilege  to  the  floor  of  the  House,  while  in 
the  area  sit  the  members  at  mahogany  desks. 

Between  the  House  of  Representatives  and 
the  Senate  Chamber,  is  the  Rotundo.      This 


THE   CAPITOL.  17 

grand  hall  is  the  most  miposing  part  of  the 
Capitol.  Ill  its  centre  stands  the  great  statue, 
by  Greenoiigh,  of  Washington,  and  around 
its  walls,  in  panels,  are  the  various  pictures 
ordered  by  Congress.  To  the  west  are  Trum- 
bull's four  pictures,  the  figures  as  large  as  life ; 
one  the  Declaration  of  Independence;  the 
other  the  surrender  at  Saratoga ;  the  next  the 
illustrious  closing  scene  of  the  Revolution, 
the  surrender  at  Yorktown ;  and  the  last  the 
resignation  of  his  sword  by  Washington,  at 
Annapolis. 

It  is  not  within  the  scope  of  these  sketches 
to  criticise  these  invaluable  paintings  or  works 
of  art,  but  they  record  events  that  give  im- 
pulse to  patriotism,  and  impart  to  them  a 
value  far  beyond  that  which  even  the  genius 
of  the  distinguished  artist  himself  could  be- 
stow. The  only  other  picture  of  the  four 
now  ordered  by  Congress,  that  is  in  the  Ro- 
tundo,  is  Chapman's  great  picture  of  the  bap- 
tism of  the  Indian  Princess,  Pocahontas, 
before  her  marriage  with  Rolph,  the  English- 
man. 

The  northern  door  of  the   Rotundo  leads 


18  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

into  the  vestibule  of  the  Senate  Chamber. 
This  chamber  is  adorned  by  a  screen  of 
Ionic  columns,  after  those  of  the  temple  of 
Minerva  Polias.  These  columns  support  the 
gallery  to  the  east,  and  form  a  loggia  below, 
and  a  new  gallery  of  iron  pillars  and  railings 
prop  it  from  the  semi-circular  wall  to  the 
west,  and  support  a  gallery  for  the  use  of 
ladies.  The  chair  of  the  Vice  President  of 
the  United  States,  and  of  the  Senate,  is  a 
canopied  elevation  under  the  eastern  gallery, 
and  overlooks  the  floor  of  the  Senate.  In 
the  area,  the  Senators  sit  in  semi-circular 
form,  each  at  his  mahogany  desk. 

Within  the  Capitol  is  a  Library,  a  large  and 
elegant  room,  filled  with  a  choice  collection 
of  books,  bought  by  Congress,  and  disposed 
in  order  by  an  excellent  librarian.  The  Li- 
brary is  open,  during  the  session,  to  visiters, 
and  every  other  day  in  the  week  during  the 
recess.  The  present  librarian  is  a  gentleman 
of  amiable  manners,  and  takes  pleasure  in 
exhibiting  the  books  under  his  charge. 

In  the  basement  of  the  north  wing  is  the 
Court  Room  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 


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a. 

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THE   CAPITOL.  19 

United  Stales,  a  low,  ill-formed  apartment, 
which  seems  ready  to  burst  under  the  weight 
of  the  entire  building. 

STATUARY  OF  THE  ROTUNDO. 

The  visitor  to  the  Capitol  ascending  the  steps 
of  the  Eastern  portico,  in  landing  upon  the 
floor  of  that  spacious  colonade,  finds  himself 
upon  the  Inaugural  scenes  of  several  Presi- 
dents. Between  the  two  centre  pillars  Gene- 
ral Jackson  and  Mr.  Van  Buren  were  inaugu- 
rated. Here,  too.  General  Harrison  was  inau- 
gurated. At  this  spot,  some  few  years  since, 
Lawrence,  the  maniac,  attempted  the  life  of 
General  Jackson.  Lawrence  is  still  in  the 
prison  of  this  city,  full  of  the  belief  that  he 
is  the  President  of  the  United  States. 

On  the  North  side  of  the  great  entrance 
door  from  the  Portico  to  the  Rotund o,  stands 
the  statue  of  War,  by  Persico.  It  is  made  of 
marble,  Und  is  about  nine  feet  high. 

War  is  represented  in  the  costume  of  an 
ancient  warrior.  His  helmet  presses  upon 
his  brow,  and  his  breast  is  covered  by  the 


20  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

iron  corslet.  He  leans  with  his  left  arm 
upon  his  shield,  and  with  his  right,  brings  his 
sword  up  to  his  heart,  across  which  it  lies  in 
readiness  for  combat.  His  eyes  are  lowering 
with  anger,  and  his  whole  attitude  indicates  a 
roused  and  excited  temper.  There  is,  how- 
ever, nothing  fierce  in  the  expression.  A 
manly  sense  of  power  and  right,  and  calm 
indignation  seems  to  pervade  the  figure.  His 
nostril  is  not  sufficiently  distended,  and  the 
whole  statue  is  rather  clumsy.  The  finish 
given  to  this  figure  is  very  high. 

On  the  other  side  of  the  door,  stands  the 
beatific  figure  of  Peace.  The  maiden,  cloth- 
ed in  a  simple  garb,  is  in  the  act  of  extending 
the  olive  branch  to  her  warlike  brother.  A 
smile  of  calm  and  sublime  repose  hovers  about 
her  eyes,  and  her  attitude  is  one  of  simple 
and  guileless  innocence. 

In  neither  of  these  statues,  however,  have 
the  ideas  intended  to  be  conveyed,  been  ful- 
ly expressed,  and  we  trust  that  some  future 
writer  upon  these  topics,  will  have  occasion 
to  mention  the  works  of  our  countryman, 
Powers,  whose  chisel  should  not  be  permitted 


THE  CAPITOL.  21 

to  lay  inactive,  when  so  much  remains  to  be 
done  about  the  Capitol  of  the  United  States. 
When   we   enter  the   Rotundo   and   look 
around  at  the  statuaiy  there  collected,  we  are 
startled  at  the  sight.     Grotesque  figures  start 
from  the  walls,  and  startle  us  by  their  bur- 
lesque appearance.     Over  the  door  leading  to 
the  Senate  Chamber,  is  a  panel  filled  with  a 
representation  of  Penn's  treaty  with  the  In- 
dians.    Penn  is  in  the  act  of  delivering  the 
treaty  to  a  couple  of  chiefs,  whose  heavy  pro- 
portions  threaten  a  sudden   incursion   upon 
the  floor  of  the  Rotundo.     Two  doves,  ami- 
cably placed  in  juxtaposition  over  the  heads 
of  the  Indians,  coo  an  accompaniment  to  the 
soft  persuasion  of  the  great  William,  and  the 
deep  apoplectic  gutterals  of  the  obese  Indians. 
We  trust  that  Congress  will,  ere  long,  order 
the  total  erasure  of  this  specimen  of  sculp- 
ture.     Circling   to  the  west,  we    reach   the 
Rescue  of  Capt.  Smith  from  the  Indians,  by 
the   Indian  Princess  Pocahontas.      Here  we 
see  the  surgeon's  skill.     Anatomy  flourishes 
in  lay  figures  for  the  lecture  room ;    and  the 
whole    group    looks  more  like  a  parcel   of 


22  MORRISON'S   GUIDE. 

galvanized  bodies,  than  an  ideal  work  by  the 
hands  of  an  artist.  When  will  Government 
learn  to  employ  men  of  true  genius  —  men 
of  the  country,  who  can  feel  the  incidents  of 
the  country  as  natives  of  the  land,  and  who 
know  what  an  Indian  is  in  prose,  and  not  in 
romance,  as  half  the  Italian  sculptors  do. 

Farther  on,  over  the  southern  door,  is 
Boone's  combat  with  the  Indians.  This  is  by 
Causici.  Boone  is  in  the  double  act  of  ward- 
ing off  a  tomakawk  blow  of  his  antagonist, 
and  of  giving  him  a  mortal  stab  beneath  the 
uplifted  arm  with  his  hunting  knife. 

Boone  is  calm,  cool  and  brave.  The  gi- 
gantic Indian  whose  head  towers  among  the 
branches  of  an  o'erspreading  oak,  is  full  of 
muscle  and  strength.  His  face  is  truly  barba- 
rous. At  the  feet  of  the  coinbatants  lies  an 
admirable  figure — a  figure  which  redeems  the 
whole  of  the  Rotundo  sculpture — a  dead  In- 
dian. The  hole  made  by  the  bullet  in  his 
left  side  is  evident.  The  grim  contracted 
brow,  the  scornful  smile  upon  the  closed  and 
rivetted  lips,  tell  of  the  Indian's  triumph  in 
his  dying  moment  over  his  white  conqueror. 


THE    CAPITOL.  23 

Many  years  ago,  the  writer  of  these  sketch- 
es was  in  the  Rotundo,  when  a  band  of  Win- 
nebasfos  came  throucrh  the  hall.  The  tribe  to 
which  they  belonged,  was  one  of  the  most 
savage  of  the  North  American  Indians.  They 
had  never  before  permitted  themselves  to  be 
induced  to  visit  the  settlements  of  the  whites. 
They  were  wild,  savage,  proud  and  almost 
intractable. 

The  delegation  consisted  of  about  twenty. 
They  were  all  of  them  noble  looking  fellows, 
dressed  in  their  own  barbaric  uniform.  Their 
faces  were  painted  of  various  colors,  and  in 
their  belts  were  their  scalping  knives  and 
tomahawks,  and  over  their  backs  their  long 
iron-looking  bows  and  arrows. 

As  they  were  passing  through  the  Rotundo, 
their  attention  was  arrested  by  this  group  of 
statuary — Boone  killing  the  Indian.  They 
formed  a  semi-circle,  and  the  head  man  step- 
ped forward  and  stood  before  the  rest.  They 
looked  intently  for  some  moments,  scrutiniz- 
ing and  recognizing  every  part  of  the  picture, 
and  then  suddenly,  as  of  one  impulse,  they 
raised  their  dreadful  war-cry  and  ran  hurried- 
ly from  the  hall. 


24,  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

Over  the  Eastern  door  is  represented  the 
landing  of  the  Pilgrim  Fathers  upon  the  sa- 
cred rock  of  Plymouth.     The  boat  has  just 
touched  the  foot  of  the  rock,  and  in  the  prow 
is  a  Pilgrim  in  the  act  of  landing.     His  little 
son  seems  to  caution  him  ere   he  ventures 
among  the  savages.      But  the  mother,  with 
her  eyes  elevated  to  heaven,  places  her  trust 
there  and  restrains  the  boy.     Seated  on  the 
rock  is  an  Indian,  holding  in  his  hand  an  ear 
of  corn,  as  an  emblem  of  friendship.      The 
conception  of  this  work  is  noble — how  could 
it  be  otherwise,  commemorating  one  of  the 
sublimest  incidents  in  the  annals  of  mankind  .•* 
Fleeing  from  the  arm  of  persecution  in  Eng- 
land, the  Pilgrims  of  New-England  stand  at 
this  day  pre-eminent  among  their  kind,  for 
that  one  act  of  sublime  self-sacrifice.     Com- 
ing to  an  unknown,  a  wild  and  savage  region, 
whose  shores  were  washed  by  a  tempestuous 
sea,  whose  lands  were  sterile,  whose  inhabi- 
tants were  savages,   enemies    to    civilization 
and   to   Christianity,  we    can    nov/  scarcely 
estimate  the  greatness  of  their  sufferings,  or 
calculate  the  amount  of  the  reward  that  his- 
tory owes  them. 


THE    CAPITOL.  25 

This  colony,  commonly  known  by  the 
name  of  the  Puritans,  landed  at  Plymouth,  in 
Massachusetts,  and  soon  after  began  the  first 
permanent  English  settlement  in  New-Eng- 
land. 

They  fled  from  England  to  Amsterdam  in 
Holland,  in  1607,  with  their  clergyman,  the 
Rev.  Mr.  Robinson;  from  Amsterdam  they 
moved  to  Leyden,  where  they  remained  until 
they  set  out  for  America. 

Among  the  reasons  for  leaving  their  homes 
in  England,  the  prospect  presented  of  enjoy- 
ing "  a  purer  worship  and  a  greater  liberty  of 
conscience,"  was  the  principal.  They  came  to 
the  wilds  of  the  Western  world,  pilgrims  of 
conscience ;  and  it  was  their  descendants, 
who,  born  with  the  love  of  liberty  in  their 
hearts,  reared  the  standard  of  revolution  against 
tyranny,  upon  the  sacred  mount  of  Bunker, 
and  met  the  foes  of  freedom  for  seven  long 
years,  upon  every  field  where  man  could  die 
or  conquer. 

In  the  centre  of  the  Rotundo  stands  the 
celebrated  statue  of  Washington,  by  Green- 
ough,  the  American  sculptor.      While   these 


26  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

pages  are  passing  through  the  press,  the  statue 
is  covered  from  observation,  owing  to  the  want 
of  a  pedestal.  Immediately  beneath  the  statue 
in  a  perpendicular  line,  in  the  basement  sto- 
ry of  the  Capitol,  shrouded  in  gloom  and 
approachable  only  by  lamplight,  is  the  tomb, 
prepared  by  Congress,  for  the  Father  of  the 
country.  It  is  a  large,  and  finelj^'  constructed 
vault,  but  it  is  tenantless.  Mount  Vernon 
claims  her  hero. 

CAPITOL    GROUNDS. 

The  grounds  about  the  Capitol  are  laid  out 
with  considerable  taste.  No  site,  however, 
presents  finer  opportunities  for  landscape  gar- 
dening. The  soil  is  capable  of  producing  the 
finest  forest  trees,  and  already  great  numbers 
are  planted  there.  These  are  ranged  in  regu- 
lar order,  presenting  a  range  of  stiff  lines  to 
the  eye,  and  failing  in  that  great  object  of 
park  scenery,  the  illusion  of  distance.  Were 
the  trees  so  arranged,  by  placing  the  darkest 
foliaged  trees  near,  and  the  lighter  leaved 
trees  farther  off  in  umbrageous  vistas,  so  as  to 


THE   CAPITOL.  27 

conceal  the  views  of  long  rows  of  houses  on 
the  Avenue,  the  eye  would  be  led  along,  as 
in  a  fine  landscape,  and  the  mind  deceived 
into  the  momentary  belief  that  it  was  enjoying 
some  rich  and  glorious  views  through  a  wind- 
made  avenue  of  a  forest,  breaking  open  a  path 
for  the  vision  to  the  blue  hills  in  the  distance. 
A  man  of  true  taste  and  thorough  talent  could 
so  transpose  the  trees  and  shrubbery,  and  ar- 
range the  walks,  so  as  to  compose  labyrinths, 
apparently  many  miles  in  extent.  It  is  feared 
that  nothing  of  the  kind  will  ever  be  attempt- 
ed. Whatever  grows  from  the  earth  is  beau- 
tiful, and  ignorance  cannot  rob  the  flowers  of 
their  hues,  or  the  trees  of  their  trembling  fo- 
liage; but  art  could  add  charms  to  nature, 
and  give  to  the  public  grounds  at  Washington 
an  enchantment  worthy  the  country.  im- 
mense sums  of  money  are  expended  annually 
upon  the  grounds,  and  every  year  we  see 
nothing  but  the  same  thing  over  again.  It 
does  not  take  five  or  six  thousand  dollars  to 
furnish  compost  to  the  grounds,  or  as  much 
money  to  make  the  trees  and  the  flowers 
grow.     The  same  amount  of  money  expend- 


28  MORRISON'S   GUIDE. 

ed  by  a  gentleman  of  taste,  upon  the  public 
grounds,  would  improve  them  a  hundred-fold, 
and  give  to  the  seat  of  Government,  a  true 
and  established  benefit.  Nothing  could  be 
more  beautiful  than  for  visitors  to  ramble 
beneath  the  shady  trees,  catching  here  and 
there  a  view  of  an  artificially  formed  landscape. 
The  river  Potomac,  with  its  lofty  blue  shores, 
forming  the  back-ground,  and  a  gnarled  oak 
crept  over  by  red  vines,  with  the  silvery  ash 
and  powdery  sycamore  between,  to  make  a 
rich  and  picturesque  fore-ground  and  middle 
distance.  Now,  you  see  every  thing  as  it 
is  —  there  is  no  room  for  the  imagination; 
and  that  which  Congress  meant,  and  which  the 
nation  intended,  to  be  of  the  highest  order  of 
landscape,  is  nothing  more  than  a  stiff  Dutch 
park. 

The  basin  of  water  at  the  bottom  of  the 
western  yard,  might  be  converted  into  arti- 
ficial lakes,  with  pebbly  shores,  and  swans 
floating  upon  the  surface.  Trees  of  fantastic 
shape  might  be  planted  along  their  banks,  to 
throw  a  checkered  shadow  on  the  still  mirror 
of  the  clouds. 


THE  CAPITOL.  29 

Nature,  in  her  freest  forest  garb,  might 
be  located  here,  and  rocks,  piled  upon  rocks, 
be  taught  to  imitate  their  kindred  in  the  wild- 
est mountain  passes.  Old  withered  tnmks  of 
trees  scattered  about,  with  ivy  creeping  over 
their  decayed  limbs,  clumps  of  trees  inter- 
spersed so  as  to  complete  an  endless  variety 
would  contribute  to  the  perfection  of  the  pic- 
ture, which  all  the  stiff  regularity  of  poplars, 
cedars  and  aspens  could  never  aspire  to  rival. 
But  it  is  to  be  feared  that  the  control  of  these 
grounds  will  never  pass  into  the  hands  of  a 
man  capable  of  such  elegant  improvements. 
These  observations  can  apply  as  well  to  the 
grounds  about  the  President's  house.  In  the 
whirl  of  politics  the  arts  are  overlooked,  and 
that  which  is  ornamental  is  left  to  languish 
under  the  false  excuse,  that  the  people  would 
not  sanction  these  improvements.  The  peo- 
ple would  not  object,  though  petty  politicians 
might. 


PRESIDENT'S   HOUSE. 


The  President's  House  is  an  object  of  great 
curiosity  to  visiters.  It  is  a  place  of  resort 
to  strangers  visiting  the  Metropolis.  On  tlie 
13th  October,  1792,  a  procession  was  formed 
for  laying  the  corner  stone. 

This  building  is  situated  in  the  western 
part  of  tlie  city,  and  stands  on  a  plat  of 
ground  of  twenty  acres,  forty-four  feet  above 
the  tide  water  of  the  river.  It  has  a  southern 
and  northern  front,  the  southern  presenting  a 
grand  view  of  the  Potomac.  On  both  fronts 
the  grounds  are  laid  out  with  taste,  and  plant- 
ed Avith  forest  trees  and  shrubbery.  The 
M'alks  are  of  gravel,  broad  and  delightful. 
The  mansion  is  one  hundred  and  seventy  feet 
front,  and  eighty-six  feet  deep,  and  is  built  of 
white  free  stone,  with  Ionic  pilasters.  There 
are  two  stories. 

The  northern  front  is  ornamented  with  a 


W  ! 


(A 

@ 
H 

rz 

VI 
X 

e 

M 


i^a^  ]- 


/■'vV'-^ 


PRESIDENT'S  HOUSE.  31 

lofty  portico  of  four  Ionic  columns  in  front, 
and  projecting  with  three  columns.  Beneath 
this  portico  drive  the  carriages  of  visiters. 

The  northern  entrance  opens  upon  a  plain 
but  spacious  hall  or  vestibule.  Immediately 
opposite  the  front  door  is  the  reception  room. 
The  v^alls  of  4his  room  are  covered  with  rich 
and  beautiful  paper.  The  chimney-pieces  are 
of  marble,  beautifully  wrought.  The  tables 
are  of  marble,  and  the  curtains  of  rich  crim- 
son. The  carpet  is  circular  to  suit  the  room, 
with  the  arms  of  the  United  Slates  displayed 
in  the  centre.  There  are  two  large  mirrors 
and  a  splendid  cut  chandelier  in  this  apart- 
ment. On  each  side  of  this  room,  and  com- 
municating by  large  mahogany  doois,  is  a 
square  room  of  thhty  by  twenty-two  feet. 
These  three  rooms,  with  the  celebrated  east 
room,  compose  the  reception  rooms  on  occa- 
sions of  festivity.  To  the  west  of  these 
rooms  is  the  dining  room  for  company,  forty 
by  thirty,  and  on  the  north-west  corner  is  the 
family  dining  room.  "All  these  rooms  are 
finished  handsomely,  but  less  richly  than  the 
oval   room.      The   walls   are   covered    with 


32  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

green,  yellow,  white,  and  blue  papers,  sprin- 
kled with  stars,  and  with  gilt  borders.  The 
stairs  for  family  use  are  in  a  cross  entry  at 
this  end,  M^ith  store  rooms,  china  closets,  &c., 
between  the  two  dining  rooms.  On  the  east 
end  of  the  house  is  the  splendid  banqueting 
hall,  stretching  the  entire  depth  of  the  build- 
ing, with  windows  to  the  north  and  south, 
and  a  large  glass  door  to  the  east,  leading  to 
the  terrace  roof  of  the  offices.  This  room 
is  eighty  by  forty  feet,  and  twenty-two  feet 
high ;  it  is  finished  with  handsome  stucco 
cornice. 

"The  paper  is  of  fine  lemon  color,  with 
a  rich  cloth  border.  There  are  four  mantels 
of  black  marble,  with  Italian  black  and  gold 
fronts,  and  handsome  grates ;  each  mantel  is 
surmounted  with  a  French  mirror,  the  plates 
of  which  measure  one  hundred  by  fifty-eight 
inches,  framed  in  a  very  beautiful  style ;  and 
a  pair  of  rich  ten-light  lamps,  bronzed  and 
gilt,  with  a  row  of  drops  around  the  fountain; 
and  a  pair  of  French  cepina  vases,  richly  gilt 
and  painted  with  glass  shades  and  flowers. 
There   are    three    handsome    chandeliers    of 


PRESIDENT'S   HOUSE.  33 

eighteen  lights  each,  of  cut  glass  of  remarka- 
ble brilliancy,  in  gilt  mountings,  with  a  num- 
ber of  bracket-lights  of  five  candles  each. 

"The  carpet,  which  contains  nearly  five 
hundred  yards,  is  of  fine  Brussels,  of  fawn, 
blue  and  yellow,  with  red  border.  Under 
each  chandelier  is  placed  a  round  table  of 
rich  workmanship  of  Italian  black  and  gold 
slabs  —  and  each  pier  is  filled  with  a  table 
corresponding  with  the  round  tables,  with 
splendid  lamps  on  each  of  them.  The  cur- 
tains are  of  light  blue  moreen  with  yellow 
draperies,  with  a  gilded  eagle  holding  up  the 
drapery  of  each.  The  sofas  and  chairs  are 
covered  with  blue  damask  satin.  All  the 
furniture  corresponds  in  color  and  style. 
The  principal  stairs  on  the  left  of  the  en- 
trance hall,  are  spacious,  and  covered  with 
Brussels  carpeting.  On  ascending  these,  the 
visiter  to  the  President  is  led  into  a  spacious 
ante-room,  to  wait  for  an  introduction.  When 
introduced,  he  ascends  a  few  steps,  and  finds 
himself  in  the  east  corner  chamber,  the  Pre- 
sident's Cabinet  Room. 

"  The  room  is  about  forty  feet  wide,  and 
c* 


34  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

finished  like  those  below.  The  centre  is 
occupied  by  a  large  table,  covered  with 
books,  maps,  manuscript,  &c.  The  Presi- 
dent is  seated  at  a  smaller  table  near  the  fire 
place." — Elliotts  History  of  the  District  of 
Columlia. 


TREASURY    DEPARTMENT. 


The   Treasury   Department   is    located    on 
Fifteenth  street  and  Pennsylvania  avenue. 

This  noble  structure  '  "  .  hundred  and 
fifty-seven  feet  in  lengtn.  ine  colonade  in 
front  is  very  imposing,  being  the  entire  length 
of  the  building,  and  after  the  architecture  of 
the  temple  jMinerva  Polias,  at  Athens. 

The  number  of  rooms  amount  to  two 
hundred  and  fifty.  The  corridors  have  vault- 
ed ceilings  with  tesselated  pavements. 

This  building  is  erected  on  the  site  of  the 
old  Treasury  Department,  burnt  in  1833. 
The  Treasury  is  adjoining  the  Department  of 
State. 

As  the  burning  of  the  old  Treasury  build- 
ing was  attributed  to  two  men,  brothers,  Rich- 
ard and  Henry  White,  Henry  was  tried,  and, 
as  participator  in  the  crime,  was  convicted  and 


36  MORRISOIV-S  GUIDE. 

sent  to  the  Penitentiary  of  Washington.  Rich- 
ard, the  elder  brother,  had  several  trials,  the 
jury  not  agreeing,  until,  finally,  he  was  ac- 
quitted. This  extraordinary  trial  lasted  for 
three  or  more  years,  continued  at  intervals 
through  that  time,  and,  during  the  whole  of 
its  progress,  the  prisoner  was  attended  by  his 
wife,  a  beautiful  and  interesting  woman.  In 
jail  she  was  with  him,  and  at  his  trials  she  sat 
by  his  side,  devoted  to  his  fate  with  the  perti- 
nacity of  a  deep  and  unfathomable  affection. 
She  lived  only  to  see  him  acquitted,  and  died 
soon  after. 

The  acquittal  of  the  principal  supposed 
incendiary  involved  the  guilt  or  innocence  of 
the  accessory,  and  strange  to  say,  that  Henry, 
who  was  convicted  upon  evidence  proving  his 
having  been  seen  in  company  with  Richard 
on  the  night  of  the  fire,  was  suffered  to  linger 
in  the  Penitentiary,  though  the  trial  of  his 
brother  was  his  acquittal.  A  petition  was  got 
up,  and  after  some  delay,  the  unfortunate  man 
was  released. 

It  subsequently  turned  up,  that  every  one 
of  the  principal  and  most  positive  witnesses 


TREASURY  DEPARTMENT.  37 

against  the  Whites  were  at  different  times 
apprehended,  convicted,  and,  for  various  of- 
fences, committed  to  different  penitentiaries. 

.A  hiffh  reward  for  the  incendiaries  had  been 
offered  by  Government,  and,  induced  by  the 
prospect  of  so  much  money,  a  band  of  vil- 
lains united  in  a  story  of  great  plausibility, 
and  nearly  succeeded  in  their  dark  conspiracy 
against  the  liberties  of  two  unhappy  men. 


GENERAL   POST   OFFICE. 


Three  fronts  of  this  edifice  are  of  marble; 
the  other  of  granite.  Tlie  architecture  is  not 
bold  —  is  of  the  Corinthian  style,  composed 
of  columns  and  pilasters,  disposed  upon  a 
high  rustic  base. 

The  plan  of  the  building  is  a  parallelo- 
gram., two  hundred  and  four  feet  in  extent, 
and  sixty-five  feet  in  width,  with  two  wings 
at  right  angles,  one  hundred  feet  each  in 
length,  and  fifty-four  feet  wide. 

It  contains  eighty  rooms. 

On  the  site  where  stands  the  present  Post 
Ofhce,  stood,  some  few  years  since,  the  old 
Post  Office  building.  In  the  dead  of  night  a 
fire  broke  out  in  one  of  the  rooms,  and  before 
the  city  could  be  aroused,  the  flames  spread- 
ing in  every  direction,  consumed  the  entire 
fabric,  with  many  invaluable  papers.  This 
destructive  fire  happened  during  the  admini- 


\  1- •■  :-'^ 


GENERAL    POST   OFFICE.  39 

stration  of  the  Department  by  Mr.  Amos 
Kendall.  No  clue  was  ever  discovered  as  to 
the  origin  of  this  fire,  though  dark  surmises 
M^ere  hinted  towards  various  quarters,  but  after 
a  time  suspicion  lulled  into  a  conviction  that 
it  was  purely  accidental. 


PATENT    OFFICE. 


This  public  building  is  situated  on  F  street. 
It  is  two  hundred  and  eighty  feet  in  length, 
and  seventy  feet  in  depth. 

The  basement  and  first  story  contain  each 
one  large  room  for  models,  seventy  by  sixty 
feet,  and  eight  rooms  twenty  by  twenty-two. 

The  upper  floor  is  one  entire  room,  two 
hundred  and  sixty-seven  feet  by  sixty-two. 

The  ascent  is  made  to  the  chief  floor  by  a 
flight  of  granite  steps  that  end  in  a  grand  ter- 
race, extending  beneath  the  roof  of  the  por- 
tico one  hundred  feet  by  thirty-two  deep. 
The  portico  is  composed  of  sixteen  columns 
in  double  rows,  and  two  massive  antae  rising 
fifty  feet. 

The  portico  is  of  the  same  extent  as  that 
of  the  Parthenon  at  Athens. 


THE   OLD    DEPARTMENTS 

OF     GOVERNMENT. 


Bl'ilt  for  the  purposes  of  immediate  and 
pressing  use,  the  old  buildings  of  Government 
present  to  the  eye  scarcely  a  lineament  of 
graceful  architecture.  They  are  of  brick, 
and  the  only  pretension  to  the  ornamental  in 
their  structure  are  the  free  stone  porticos  to 
the  Departments  of  State  and  of  War. 

The  three  old  buildings  for  the  use  of  the 
public  concerns,  are  situated  in  radiating  lines 
from  the  President's  mansion.  The  State 
Department,  to  the  east,  adjoins,  as  has  been 
before  observed,  the  new  Treasury  building; 
the  War  Office  a  few  hundred  yards  from  the 
north-western  gate  of  the  President's  enclo- 
sure, and  the  Navy  within  a  hundred  yards  or 
more  distance,  and  parallel  to  the  War. 

The  rooms  of  the  various  Secretaries  are 
furnished  plainly,  but  with  appropriate  neat- 
ness.     The    Secretaries   attend    their   offices 

D 


42  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

from  nine,  a.  m.,  until  three,  p.  m.  At  the 
sound  of  their  hand-bell,  a  messenger,  whose 
post  is  the  adjoining  passage,  flies  to  hear  his 
wishes ;  and  visiters  are  ushered  from  a  hand- 
some reception  parlor  into  the  Secretary's 
room. 

The  Chief  Clerk  occupies  the  adjoining 
room  to  the  Secretary. 

In  a  room  in  the  State  Department  are  kept 
the  presents  presented  from  time  to  time  to 
our  foreign  ministers,  consuls,  &c.  As  the 
law  prevents  the  personal  appropriation  of 
presents  from  foreign  powers  to  the  use  of 
the  receivers,  they  are  accepted  in  the  name 
of  the  General  Government,  and  belong  to  the 
public  archives. 

In  this  room  are  to  be  seen  the  diamond 
decorated  box  of  Alexander  of  Russia,  pre- 
sented to  one  of  our  public  functionaries  near 
his  Court',  swords  of  different  Governments 
presented  to  our  officers,  all  of  exquisite 
Avorkmanship,  and  many  valuable  on  account 
of  the  precious  stones  and  solid  gold  with 
which  they  are  adorned. 

In  the  War  Office  was  formerly  kept  the 


OLD   DEPARTMENTS,  48 

line  collection  of  Indian  portraits,  painted 
from  the  original  heads  by  King.  These 
valuable  pictures  are  now  in  the  custody  of 
the  National  Institute. 


THE    NAVY    YARD. 

The  view  herewith  presented  of  the  United 
States  Na^y  Yard  of  Washington,  is  taken 
from  the  bridge  over  the  Eastern  Branch.  It 
embraces  the  ship  houses,  the  building  shed, 
and  the  work  shops  of  the  yard,  &c.,  &c. 

The  works  at  this  place  are  very  extensive. 
Entering  an  arched  gatew^ay  guarded  by  a  part 
of  the  marines,  the  visitor  enters  a  neatly  kept 
and  extensive  yard,  of  some  twenty  or  thirty 
acres  in  extent.  On  his  left  is  the  house  of 
the  commandant  of  the  yard,  who  is  generally 
a  captain  of  the  Navy,  and  on  the  right  are 
houses  for  the  lieutenants  and  other  officers. 
Farther  dowm  towards  the  Eastern  Branch  are 
ranged  the  various  w^ork  shops,  the  great  for- 
ges for  anchors,  the  block  and  tackle  factory, 
the  carpenters'  shops,  and  many  other  houses 
for  the  convenience  of  the  public  works.  At 
this  place,  several  vessels  were  sunk  when  the 
news  of  the  defeat  of  our  army  at  Bladens- 


THE   NAVY   YARD.  45 

burg  reached  the  authorities.  There  are  sev- 
eral hundred  men  usually  employed  at  the 
5^ard.  It  is  said  that  vessels  keep  better  here 
than  in  any  of  the  other  Navy  Yards  of  the 
Government.  This  is  owing  to  the  peculiar 
properties  of  the  water,  which  prevents  the 
ships  from  rotting,  and  exclude  the  worms. 
Several  fine  vessels  of  war,  of  the  following 
names  and  rates  have  been  built  and  launched 
at  this  yard  :  ship  of  the  line  Columbus,  74  ; 
first  class  frigates  Potomac,  Brandywine  and 
Columbia,  44  each ;  sloop  of  war  St.  Louis, 
20 ;  schooners  Grampus  and  Shark,  10  each  ; 
and  Experiment,  4. 

Without  the  precincts  proper  of  the  Navy 
Yard,  are  the  barracks  for  the  United  States 
Marines.  There  is  a  large  settlement  of  hous- 
es and  inhabitants  congregated  around  the 
yard,  but  business  does  not  flourish  here. 
There  is  no  commerce,  and  what  trade  there 
is,  consists  in  coal  and  wood,  and  the  produce 
of  the  river,  fish  and  oysters.  Th^  houses 
look  ancient  and  time  worn.  Government 
does  not  foster  this  post  to  a  very  large 
extent. 


THE   BURIAL   GROUND. 

This  cemetery  is  situated  in  the  eastern  sec- 
tion of  Washington,  about  a  mile  and  a  half 
from  the  Capitol.  Below  it  flow  the  waters 
of  the  Anacostia. 

The  Burial  Ground  occupies  about  ten 
acres  of  land.  Our  view  embraces  the  co- 
lumn erected  to  Major-General  Brown,  com- 
mander-in-chief of  the  Army.  It  is  the  bro- 
ken shaft  of  a  column,  poetical  in  the  extreme. 
The  small  tomb  beyond  it  is  Judge  Barbour's, 
late  of  the  Bench  of  the  Supreme  Court.  Be- 
tween it  and  General  Brown's,  unmarked  by 
a  tomb,  lies  the  grave  of  the  eloquent  and 
elegant  William  Wirt.  The  pyramid  tomb 
marks  the  resting  place  of  the  gallant  Rodg- 
ers,  a  commodore  in  the  United  States  Navy. 
The  square  one  is  the  tomb  of  Commodore 
Patterson.  Beyond,  in  the  distance  can  be 
seen  a  row  of  tombs,  erected  to  members  of 
Congress. 


Pi 
c 


r 

o 
c 

2 


BURIAL    GROUND.  47 

The  grounds  of  this  burial  place  are  neatly 
kept.  Trees  are  planted  to  shade  the  turf  that 
wraps  the  bodies  of  the  dead ;  and  silence  is 
only  broken  by  the  murmuring  wind,  as  it 
moans  through  the  branches  and  dies  away 
among  the  tombs 


THE    DUELING    GROUND. 

Within  a  mile  and  a  half  of  Bladensburg  is 
the  celebrated  Dueling  Ground  of  the  south. 
It  is  enclosed  by  two  hills,  at  the  base  of 
which  runs  a  small  and  reedy  brook.  To 
the  east  the  hills  sweep  round  a  little,  and 
conceal  the  parties  from  the  Baltimore  and 
Washington  turnpike  road.  Here  fell  Deca- 
tur, in  his  duel  with  Commodore  Barron. 
The  District  line  runs  through  this  valley, 
and  the  parties  from  the  District  of  Columbia 
and  Virginia  pass  over  the  line  into  Mary- 
land, and  thus  evade  the  laws  of  their  own 
territories.  Those  of  Mar3'land  pass  over 
into  the  limits  of  the  District  of  Columbia. 
This  spot  is  about  four  miles  from  Washing- 
ton. 

The  Dueling  Ground  is  encompassed  by 
the  limits  of  the  battle  ground  of  Bladens- 
burg.     All  along  the  turnpike,  passing  by 


DUELING   GROUND.  49 

the  dueling  groiincU  the  British  army  ad- 
vanced, and  further  west,  towards  AVasliing- 
ton,  within  a  mile  of  the  valley  of  death,  the 
advancing  column  of  the  invading  army  was 
checked  by  the  gallantry  of  the  brave  Com- 
modore Barney. 


LITERARY    INSTITUTIONS. 

NATIONAL    INSTITUTION 

FOR    THE    PROMOTION    OF     SCIENCE. 

The  National  Institution  for  the  promotion 
of  Science  was  organized  in  the  month   of 
May,  1840.     Its  officers  are  — 
His  Excellency  John  Tyler,  President  of 

the  United  States,  Patron. 
Hon.  Joel  R.  Poinsett,  President. 
Colonel  Peter  Force,  Vice  President. 
Directors jon  the  -part  of  the  Govermnenf. 
Hon.  Daniel  Webster,  Secretary  of  State. 
Hon.  Walter  Forward,  Sec'y  of  Treasury. 
Hon.  John  C.  Spencer,  Secretary  of  War. 
Hon.  Abel  P.  Upshur,  Sec'y  of  the  Navy. 
Hon.  Chas.  A.  Wickliffe,  Post  Master  Gen. 
Hon.  Hugh  S.  Legare,  Attorney  General. 

Directors  on  the  part  of  the  Institution. 
Hon.  John  Q.  Adams,  House  of  Reps.  U.  S. 
Hon.  AVilliam  C.  Preston,  Senate  U.  S. 


NATIONAL   I  NSTITUTIO  IV.  61 

Col.  J.  J.  Abert,  Chief  Top'l  Eng'r  Bureau. 
Col.  Joseph  Totten,  Chief  Eng'r  Bureau. 
A.  0.  Dayton,  Fourth  Auditor,  Treasury. 
Com.  L.  Warrington,  Board  Navy  Com'rs. 
Francis  Markoe,  Jr.,  Corresponding  Sec'y. 
Pishey  Thompson,  Recording  Secretary. 
William  J.  Stone,  Treasurer. 
Dr.  H.  King,  Curator. 

Its  stated  meetings  are  monthly,  and  held 
in  the  Patent  Office  building.     Its  collections 
are  in  the  Grand  Hall  of  the  same  building. 
This  hall  is  about  two  hundred  and  seventy- 
five  feet  long,  and  sixty-five  feet  wide,  finish- 
ed in  the  most  chaste  architectural  style..     It 
is  considered  one  of  the  most  splendid  rooms 
in  America,  and  when  completed  by  the  ad- 
dition  of    the    wings,    as    proposed    in   the 
original   design,    will    be    upwards    of    four 
hundred  feet   in   length.       The   rapidly  in- 
creasing and  noble  collections  of  the  Nation- 
al Institution  will  require  this  extension  for 
their  accommodation  by  the  time  it  would 
now  be  possible  to  complete  it. 

Soon  after  the  organization  of  the  National 
Institution,   the  Government  of  the  United 


52  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

States  placed  in  its  charge  the  vahiable  col- 
lections in  Natural  History,  &c.,  already  sent 
home  by  the  South  Sea  Exploring  Expedi- 
tion. About  the  same  time,  the  American 
Historical  Society,  which  had  been  already 
organized,  and  actively  engaged  in  the  pur- 
suit of  its  purposes,  united  with  it,  transfer- 
ing  its  library  and  collections,  and  forming 
now  the  department  of  American  History 
and  Antiquities.  This  was  soon  followed 
by  a  transfer  of  the  library,  collections,  and 
other  effects  of  the  late  Columbian  Institute. 
These,  again,  by  many  further  contributions 
and  deposites  on  the  part  of  the  Government, 
particularly  the  valuable  Gallery  of  Indian 
Portraits  and  Curiosities  in  the  AVar  Depart- 
ment; the  Collection  of  Minerals  and  Geolo- 
gical Specimens,  made  by  Dr.  D.  D.  Owen 
in  Illinois,  Iowa,  and  Wisconsin,  in  a  late 
exploration  performed  by  order  of  Congress, 
and  the  valuable  JMineralogical  Cabinet,  and 
other  interesting  articles,  the  property  of  the 
late  James  Smithson,  Esq.,  of  London.  To 
these  from  time  to  time  have  been  added 
many  large  and  valuable  contributions  by  the 


NATIONAL    INSTITUTION.  52 

members  of  the  Institution.  These,  as  far 
as  prepared  for  exhibition,  have  already  made 
the  hall  of  the  National  Institution  a  place 
of  great  resort  for  citizens  and  strangers  ;  but 
when  the  entire  collection  now  on  hand,  and 
those  expected  from  the  Exploring  Expedi- 
tion and  many  other  sources,  shall  have  been 
fully  arranged,  it  will  become  one  of  the 
most  useful  as  well  as  interesting  places  in 
our  country.  The  publications  of  the  Insti- 
tution, so  far,  have  commanded  general  at- 
tention, and  it  is  proposed  before  long  to 
brine  out  regularly  volumes  of  transactions. 

This  Institution,  although  organized  under 
very  flattering  anticipations,  has  progressed 
in  a  manner  beyond  the  most  sanguine  hopes 
of  its  earnest  friends.  This  must  be  very 
gratifying  to  the  scientihc  world  generally, 
but  particularly  to  the  American  portion  ;  for 
it  must  be  evident  from  the  experience  of 
other  countries,  as  well  as  our  own,  that  no 
institution  of  the  kind,  fully  competent  to 
accomplish  all  the  purposes  required  of  it  in 
this  enlightened  age,  could  be  organized  any 
where   else  than  at  the  scat  of  the   goveru- 

E 


64  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

merit  of  these  United  States.  It  is  a  matter 
of  no  slight  moment,  as  evincing  the  deep 
interest  taken  by  the  Government  in  this 
great  national  plan,  that  the  President  of  the 
United  States  has  consented  to  become  its 
Patron. 

COLUMBIAN    COLLEGE. 

This  institution  is  delightfully  situated  on 
the  high  range  of  ground  north  of  the  Pre- 
sident's House,  about  two  and  a  half  miles 
from  the  Capitol.  The  view  from  the  roof 
of  the  College  edifice  is  rarely  surpassed, 
including  nearly  the  whole  of  the  District 
and  extensive  portions  of  Maryland  and  Vir- 
ginia. 

It  was  incorporated  by  an  act  of  Congress 
in  1821.  The  buildings  are  a  college  edifice 
of  five  stories,  including  the  attic  and  base- 
ment, having  forty-eight  rooms  for  students, 
with  two  dormitories  attached  to  each ;  two 
dwelling  houses  for  Professors,  and  a  philo- 
sophical hall,  all  of  brick.  It  has  a  library 
of  four  thousand  volumes,  obtained  chiefly  in 


COLUMBIAN    COLLEGE.  ^ 

England  and  Germany.     The  philosophical 
apparatus  is  ample. 

PROFESSORS. 

Belles  Lettres,  Intellectual  and 

Moral  Philosophy. 

The  duties  of   this  Professorship    are   at 
present  performed  by  the  Professor  of  Ma- 
thematics and  the  Professor  of  Languages. 
Thomas  Sewall,  M.  D.,  College   Professor 

of  Anatomy  and  Physiology. 
William  Ruggles,  A.  M.,  Mathematics  and 

Natural  Philosophy. 
Alexander  McWilliams,  M.  D.,  Botany. 
John  O'B.  Chaplin,  A.  M.,  Latin  and  Greek 

Languages. 
Frederick  Hall,  L.  L.  D.,  College  Professor 

of  Chemistry. 
Kendall  Brooks,  A.  B.,  Tutor. 

There  are  two  sessions,  one  of  six  and 
one  of  three  months.  The  first  from  No- 
vember to  May,  the  second  from  July  to  the 
first  Wednesday  of  October,  when  the  pub- 
lic commencement  for  conferring  degrees, 
&;c.,  is  held. 

The  higher  classes  are  admitted  to  courses 


56  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

of  lectures  on  Intellectual  and  Moral  Philo- 
sophy, Rhetoric,  Anatomy  and  Physiology, 
Chemistry  and  Natural  Philosophy.  On 
occasions  of  great  interest,  the  students  are 
allowed  to  hear  the  debates  in  Congress,  and 
the  arguments  in  the  United  States  Supreme 
Court.  The  performances  of  the  young 
gentlemen  who  have  received  its  honors  at 
the  public  commencements,  have  reflected 
high  credit  upon  the  institution. 

MEDICAL    DEPARTMENT. 

The  lectures  in  the  Medical  Department  of 
this  institution  commence  on  the  first  Mon- 
day in  November,  annually,  and  continue 
until  the  first  of  March. 

During  this  period  full  courses  are  deliver- 
ed on  the  various  branches  of  Medicine. 

PROFESSORS. 

Thos.  Sewall,  M.  D.,  Prof.  Pathology. 
Harvey  Lindsly,  M.  D.,  Prof.  Obstetrics. 
Thos.  Miller,  M.  D.,  Prof.  Anatomy,  &:c. 
J.  M.  Thomas,  M.  D., Prof.  Materia  Medica. 
J.  Frederick  May,  M.  D.,  Prof.  Surgery. 
Frederick  Hall,  M.  D.,  Prof.  Chemistry,  &c. 
S.  C.  Smoot,  M.  D.,  Demonstrator  of  Anat'y. 


UNION    SOCIETY.  57 

The  Medical  College  is  situated  at  the  cor- 
ner of  Tenth  and  E  streets,  equi-distant  from 
the  Capitol  and  the  President's  House. 

UNION  LITERARY    SOCIETY. 

The  Union  Literary  and  Debating  Society  of 
Washington,  is  an  Association  of  gentlemen 
which  has  been  in  existence  for  many  years. 
We  have  some  recollection  of  its  meetings 
as  far  back  as  1818  ;  but  it  seems  to  have  been 
discontinued  for  a  time,  for  a  re-organization 
of  the  Society  took  place  in  1824.  During 
the  last  seven  years  its  operations  have  been 
conducted  with  great  zeal  and  vivacity ;  and 
talents  of  a  very  superior  order  are  still  ex- 
hibited before  crowded  audiences  of  both 
sexes,  on  the  evenings  of  Thursday  in  each 
week,  at  the  Lecture  room  of  the  Medical 
College,  at  which  time  and  place  their  meet- 
ings are  held.  There  is  a  small  initiation  fee 
and  a  quarterly  contribution  paid  by  the  mem- 
bers for  the  purpose  of  defraying  the  current 
expenses  of  the  Society.  The  subjects  usu- 
ally discussed  are  connected  immediately  or 


58  MORRISON'S  GUIDE. 

remotely  with  the  well  being  of  society,  con- 
sisting of  literature,  science,  morals  and  gen- 
eral policy.  Religion  in  the  sectarian  sense, 
and  politics  in  the  party  sense,  are  both  exclu- 
ded. The  constitution  and  rules  of  order  are 
formed  upon  the  most  approved  parliamentary 
models ;  and  the  proceedings  of  the  Society 
are  conducted  with  a  dignity  and  decorum 
that  might  do  no  discredit  to  some  delibera- 
tive assemblies.  Its  officers  are  a  President, 
1st  and  2d  Vice  Presidents,  Secretary  and 
Treasurer,  which  offices  are  at  present  filled, 
respectively,  by  Joseph  S.  AVilson,  Esquire, 
James  Clephane  and  John  M.  Duneanson, 
Esqs.,  John  H.  Lang,  Esq.,  and  James 
McGuire,  Esq.  The  term  of  office  is  one 
year,  and  the  election  takes  place  on  the  first 
regular  night  of  meeting  in  January. 


THE    ARTS. 

It  would  not  do  to  omit,  in  a  work  of  this 
kind,  the  very  elegant  Exhibition  Rooms  of 
Mr.  Charles  King,  artist.  These  rooms, 
comprised  within  a  tasteful  building,  are 
situated  on  Twelfth  street.  Mr.  King  has 
shown  great  taste  in  the  construction  of  his 
Exhibition  House,  and  in  the  manner  with 
which  he  has  decorated  his  grounds. 

His  galleries  are  filled  with  many  fine  pic- 
tures by  himself,  and  deserve  the  repeated 
visits  of  strangers. 

On  F  street,  near  to  Mr.  King's,  is  Chap- 
man's Studio.  This  distinguished  artist  has 
no  public  exhibition  room,  but  the  walls  of 
his  Studio  are  ornamented  by  some  noble 
pictures,  copied  by  him  while  in  Europe, 
from  some  of  the  old  painters.  His  easel, 
generally,  is  rich  in  smaller  gems,  the  fruits 
of  his  finely  cultivated  taste  and  exquisite 
handling. 


60  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

Thomas  Doughty,  the  landscape  painter, 
has  a  Studio,  and  resides  also  in  Washing- 
ton. This  distinguished  painter,  like  Chap- 
man, has  no  room  of  public  and  paying  exhi- 
bition, but  a  series  of  great  and  poetical  land- 
scapes is  passing  under  his  brush.  During 
the  winter  season  numbers  of  artists,  both 
European  and  native,  flock  to  Washington, 
and  generally,  through  the  politeness  of  heads 
of  committees,  obtain  a  committee  room  in 
the  Capitol,  for  the  prosecution  of  their 
studies  or  profession. 

There  are  several  other  artists  of  Wash- 
ington, portrait  and  landscape  painters,  whose 
names  as  yet  are  unknown  to  fame. 

STATUE    OF    WASHINGTON. 

The  followmg  beautiful  description  of  Green- 
ough's  Statue  of  Washington  is  from  the  pen 
of  the  Hon.  Edward  Everett,  extracted  from 
the  Boston  Miscellany  of  Literature  and  Fash- 
ion. 

"  Mr.  Greenough  has  in  his  studio,  among 
other  projected  works,  the  cast  of  a  group  de- 


STATUE  OF  WASHINGTON.  gl 

signed  for  the  front  of  the  Capitol  at  Wash- 
ington, which  he  is  desirous,  and  we  trust 
may  be  permitted,  to  execute  in  bronze.  It  is 
matter  of  painful  reflection  to  see  beautiful 
works  in  marble  exposed  in  open  air  in  a 
climate  in  which  they  will  so  soon  be  disco- 
lored and  corroded  by  the  weather.  Even  in 
Florence,  where  the  winter  is  mild  compared 
with  that  of  the  District  of  Columbia,  the 
marble  statues  exposed  to  the  weather  for  any 
length  of  time,  have  been  seriously  injured. 

"  But  the  work  on  which  Mr.  Greenough's 
reputation  must  for  some  time  principally 
rest,  is  his  Washlxgtox,  which,  while  we 
write  these  sentences,  is  on  its  way  to  Ame- 
rica. At  an  early  age  it  was  the  distinguished 
good  fortune  of  our  townsman  to  have  at- 
tained such  a  reputation,  as  to  receive  from 
Congress  the  honorable  commission  to  exe- 
cute the  statue  of  the  Father  of  his  country, 
to  be  placed  in  the  magnificent  Rotundo  of 
the  Capitol  at  the  seat  of  Government.  A 
more  important  and  more  honorable  commis- 
sion was  never  confided  to  an  artist.  It  has 
engaged  the  greater  part  of  the  time  of  Mr. 


63  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

Greenough  for  eight  years ;  and  will  be  deem- 
ed, we  are  confident,  by  all  competent  judges, 
and  by  the  well  informed  public  at  large,  to 
have  been  most  successfully  and  honorably 
performed. 

"  This  statue  is  a  seated  figure  of  heroic,  or 
rather  colossal  size,  being  twice  the  dimen- 
sions of  life.  Were  it  erect,  it  would  conse- 
quently stand  about  twelve  feet  high.  It  re- 
presents the  great  hero,  statesman,  and  citizen 
with  the  right  hand  pointed  to  Heaven,  and 
the  left  hand  holding  a  sword,  with  the  han- 
dle turned  from  the  person.  The  upper  part 
of  the  figure  is  bare ;  from  the  middle  of  the 
body  down  it  is  covered  with  a  Senatorial 
drapery.  A  very  pleasing  effect  is  produced 
by  the  manner  in  which  the  back  of  the  chair 
is  carved  in  open  work,  so  as  to  display  the 
back  of  the  figure.  The  sides  of  the  chair 
are  wrought  in  low  reliefs,  symbolical  of  the 
character  and  fortunes  of  North  and  South 
America ;  and  on  the  top  of  the  chair,  right 
and  left,  are  figures  of  Columbus  and  of  a  na- 
tive of  our  continent.  The  face  is  composed 
from  that  of  Houdon,  with  a  judicious  com- 


6TATUE  OF  WASHINGTON.  63 

parison  of  the  other  contemporary  authorities. 
It  represents  all  the  elevation,  benignity,  and 
force  of  Washington's  character — his  iirm- 
ness,  tempered  with  pure  benevolence  ',  and  it 
possesses  an  advantage,  not  shared  in  an  equal 
degree  by  that  of  Chan  trey,  and  still  less  by 
that  of  Canova,  in  faithfully  reproducing  the 
well  known  features,  with  which  every  Ame- 
rican claims  a  personal  acquaintance,  as  of  a 
familiar  friend  or  venerated  parent.  It  will  be 
seen,  however,  that  Mr,  Greenough  has  by  no 
means  slavishly  copied  Houdon. 

"  We  regard"  Mr.  Greenough's  Washington 
as  one  of  the  greatest  works  of  sculpture  of 
modern  times.  We  do  not  know  the  work 
that  can  justly  be  preferred  to  it,  Vv^hether  we 
consider  the  purity  of  the  taste,  the  loftiness 
of  the  conception,  the  truth  of  the  character, 
or,  what  we  must  own  we  feel  less  able  to 
judge  of,  accuracy  of  anatomical  study  and 
mechanical  skill.  Had  it  been  the  work  of 
Canova,  Chantrey,  or  Thorvvaldsen,  it  would 
have  been  deemed,  we  doubt  not,  worthy  of 
either  of  those  artists.  Nay,  we  are  prepared 
to  go  further,  and  disclaiming  all  pretence  to 


64  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

connoisseurship,  we  are  persuaded,  if,  instead 
of  being  a  statue  of  Washington,  it  had  been 
a  statue  of  Julius  Caesar  or  Alexander  the 
Great ;  if,  instead  of  coming  from  the  studio 
of  a  young  American  of  the  present  day,  with 
all  its  freshness  upon  it,  it  had  been  dug  up  in 
the  ruins  of  the  baths  of  Titus,  or  the  Villa 
of  Adrian,  shattered  and  mutilated,  arms,  legs, 
nose,  and  even  head  gone  —  stained  and  cor- 
roded; when  it  had  been>scraped  and  pieced 
together,  furnished  with  modern  extremities, 
and  perhaps  a  head  of  doubtful  authenticity 
—  and  thus  restored,  had  been  set  up  in  the 
Vatican  or  the  Tribune,  it  would  have  been 
deemed  as  fine  a  piece  of  sculpture  as  any 
there. 

"This  grand  work  is  of  one  single  piece  of 
marble,  not  of  pure  white,  which  it  is  impos- 
sible to  procure  in  masses  of  sufficient  size 
for  such  a  statue  without  stains  fatal  to  its 
beauty,  but  of  a  bluish  tinge  highly  favorable 
to  the  effect  of  a  work  of  art.  The  marbles 
of  this  kind  are  now  pieferred  for  works  of 
this  description. 

"  There    are    two   points,    in    reference    to 


STATUE    OF    WASHINGTON.  65 

which  we  have  heard  Mr.  Greenough's  Wash- 
ington criticised,  and  on  which  we  beg  leave 
to  state  our  impressions.  One  is  the  absence 
of  drapery  from  the  upper  part  of  the  figure ; 
the  other  is  the  precise  significance  or  mean- 
ing of  the  statue,  and  the  propriety  of  a  sitting 
posture. 

"  The  first  topic,  that  of  the  costume  of 
M-^orks  of  art,  is,  of  course,  too  extensive  to 
be  exhausted  on  an  occasion  like  this.  It  pre- 
sents, undoubtedly,  some  difficulties.  There 
are  two  schools  among  artists  in  this  respect, 
and  two  opinions  among  judges  of  art.  With- 
out engaging  in  the  discussion,  we  may  with 
safety  say,  that  to  confine  the  sculptor,  in  a 
great  monumental  work  like  the  statue  of 
Washington,  to  the  exact  imitation  of  the 
clothes  and  the  manner  in  which  the  hair  was 
dressed,  is  greatly  to  limit  the  field  in  which 
the  creative  skill  of  the  artist  is  to  be  exer- 
cised, and  to  reduce  to  a  low  point  the  stand- 
ard of  the  art.  It  rests  upon  the  false  as- 
sumption that  the  closest  possible  imitation  of 
life  is  the  object  of  the  art  of  sculpture.  It 
leaves  little  but  the  face,  which  would  not  be 


66  MORRISON'S  :GUIDE. 

purely  mechanical  imitation,  and  not  only  so, 
but  the  imitation  of  the  most  grotesque  and 
fantastical  of  human  inventions.    The  caprice 
of  man  has  certainly  never  wandered  so  far 
in  the  tasteless  and  the  extra'^'agant,  as  in  the 
department  of  the  tailor  and  the  hair-dresser. 
With  all  due  respect  even  for  these  person- 
ages, as  they  existed  and  flourished  in  revolu- 
tionary times,  we  must  boldly  say,  that  there 
are  few  things  more  ungainly  than  the  pow- 
der and  pomatum,  the  ear  locks,  and  clubbed 
hair,  the  coat  and  small   clothes  of  a  conti- 
nental major-general    of   that  period.      If   it 
were  deemed    desirable    to  perpetuate  them, 
and  if  the  imitation  of  nature  were   v\dthout 
qualification  the  prmciple  of  the  art,  it  would 
be  better  as  they  do  in  the  wax-work  muse- 
ums, instead  of  torturing  the  marble,  to  put  a 
hond  fide  peruke,  and  a  cloth  uniform,  faith- 
fully fashioned  after  the  model  of  1776,  upon 
the  head  and  shoulders  of  the  statue. 

"Mr.  Chantrey,  who  belongs  to  what  the 
English  consider  the  school  of  historical  imi- 
tation, in  the  matter  of  costume,  has  given 
Washington  a   drapery  destitute  of  the  only  . 


STATUE  OF    WASHINGTON.  67 

merit  such  drapery  can  have,  that  of  resem- 
blance to  the  costume  of  the  time.     Canova 
gave  to  Washington  the  Roman  military  cos- 
tume, bearing  no  resemblance  to  the  modern, 
covering  the  upper  part  of  the  person,  but 
leaving  a  portion  of  the  leg  bare,  conforming 
to  ancient  usage  in  military  statues,  but  as 
unlike  as  possible  to  any  dress  actually  worn 
in  America  and  Europe  in  modern  times.    Mr. 
Greenough  has  adopted  a  drapery  which  meets 
all  the  requirements   of   delicacy;    which  is 
sanctioned  by   the  authority  of  the  greatest 
masters  of  art  in  ancient  and  modern  times, 
and  to  which  the  public  is  now  reconciled 
and  familiarized  in  busts,  which  are  almost 
invariably  made  either  wholly  nude,  or  with 
an  artistical  drapery  unlike  any  thing  actually 
worn.     This  drapery  in  the  statue  of  Wash- 
ington gives  the  artist  the  opportunity  of  dis- 
playing the  nervous  arm,  the  broad  shoulders, 
the  full  throat,  the  arching  breast,  and  swell- 
ing muscles  of  an  heroic  figure,  in  all  their 
beautiful  and  manly   proportions   and   sym- 
metry.    That  some  objections  to  this  mode 
of   representing  Washington  will  he  felt  by 


68  MORRISOIV'S    GUIDE. 

those  who  have  not  reflected  much  upon  the 
subject,  nor  traced  the  necessary  details  and 
consequences  of  any  other  system,  we  the 
less  doubt,  as  we  have  already  heard  them 
made,  and  have  at  a  former  period  felt  them 
ourselves.  We  have,  however,  a  confidence 
founded  on  experience,  that  the  more  the  sub- 
ject is  weighed,  the  more  these  objections 
will  be  found  to  lose  their  force  j  and  we  are 
strongly  inclined  to  the  opinion,  that  the  pub- 
lic taste  will  finally  settle  down  in  the  con- 
clusion that  Mr.  Greenough  has,  in  this 
respect,  adopted  the  plan  most  consistent  with 
the  dignity  of  the  work  to  be  performed,  and 
most  likely  to  afford  a  refined  pleasure,  inde- 
pendent of  the  caprices  of  fashion,  in  all 
future  time.  For  the  period  can  never  arrive, 
so  long  as  there  is  any  taste  or  fondness  for 
the  beautiful  creations  of  art,  when  the  skill- 
ful delineation  and  idealization  of  "  the  human 
form  divine "  will  not  be  considered  one  of 
the  highest  efforts  of  imitative  skill. 

"The  other  point  on  which  we  presume 
BIr.  Greenough"'s  statue  will  be  criticised,  be- 
cause we  know  it  has  been,  regards  the  con- 


STATUE    OF    WASHINGTON.  69 

gruity  of  a  sitting  posture,  with  the  action 
supposed  to  be  indicated ;  that  is,  the  resigna- 
tion of  Washington's  command  at  the  close 
of  the  war.  We  emphasize  the  word  sup- 
posed^ inasmuch  as  this  idea,  however  current 
and  even  natural  on  a  hasty  inspection  of  the 
work,  is  wholly  groundless.  That  a  military 
officer  would  not  perform  the  act  of  resigning 
his  command  in  a  sitting  posture,  is  so  ex- 
ceedingly obvious,  that  it  could  not  have 
escaped  an  intelligent  artist.  Common  polite- 
ness requires  the  performance  of  every  such 
act  in  a  standing  posture.  Again,  in  point  of 
fact,  Washington  resigned  not  his  sword  but 
his  commission.  It  is  not  supposed  that  an 
artist,  undertaking  to  record  a  specific  event, 
would  have  wandered  so  far  from  the  well 
known  historical  truth,  as  to  substitute  a 
sword  for  a  roll  of  parchment.  The  object 
of  the  -work  is  misapprehended  when  it  is 
supposed  to  record  the  performance  of  any 
specific  deed.  It  is  designed  to  represent  a 
character,  not  an  action.  It  is  Washington  in 
the  aggregate  of  his  qualities,  not  Washington 
performing  a  particular  exploit,  or  discharging 


70  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

any  particular  function  or  duty.  It  is  the 
Washington  of  a  whole  life,  not  of  any  one 
moment.  It  is  expressive  and  suggestive,  not 
historical  and  descriptive.  With  such  signifi- 
cance, a  seated  posture  is  not  only  appropri- 
ate, but  it  is  preferable  to  a  standing  one. 
There  are  very  few  actions  that  can  be  per- 
formed by  a  public  personage  sitting  in  a 
chair.  Canova  has  selected  one  of  the  few 
for  his  Washington,  but  the  congruity  of  the 
action  with  the  military  harness  in  which  it  is 
performed  is  questionable.  But  this  posture 
is  most  in  keeping  with  the  repose  and  calm- 
ness personified  in  the  character  of  Washing- 
ton. The  uplifted  right  hand,  pointing  to 
Heaven,  does  not  perpetuate  any  gesture  made 
by  Washington  on  any  particular  occasion, 
but  it  is  in  this  way  that  the  voiceless  marble 
speaks  out  that  habitual  reliance  on  Provi- 
dence which  was  so  substantial  an  element  of 
the  character  of  the  man.  In  like  manner, 
the  sword  in  the  other  hand  is  there,  not  as  a 
weapon,  but  as  a  symbol.  It  indicates  the 
military  leader,  but  it  is  neither  presented  nor 
wielded.     Washington  is  neither  going  to  the 


STATUE    OF    WASHINGTON.  71 

field  nor  resigning  his  command.  He  holds 
the  sword  which  belongs  to  him  as  the  com- 
mander-in-chief of  the  American  armies.  Jt 
is  not  taken  in  hand  for  use,  although  it  is  so 
held  that  it  can  be  easily  turned  and  grasped 
if  occasion  requires.  It  is  not  offered  to  be 
resigned,  although  it  might,  perhaps,  without 
over  refinement,  be  inferred  from  the  peculiar 
manner  in  which  it  is  held,  that  its  owner  is 
prepared  and  inclined  to  lay  it  down  when- 
ever it  can  be  done  with  safety  to  the  country. 
This  explanation  of  the  statue,  it  may  be  pro- 
per to  say,  is  not  given  on  the  authority  of 
Mr.  Greenough.  The  writer  of  this  article 
has  never  conferred  with  him  on  this  point. 
It  is  the  view  of  the  matter  which  has  spon- 
taneously presented  itself  to  his  mind,  for 
which  the  artist  is  in  no  degree  responsible. 

"  We  will  add  but  a  single  reflection  on  the 
subject,  and  it  is  this  :  that  there  is  no  one,  in 
our  judgment,  however  exalted  his  concep- 
tions of  the  character  of  Washington,  that 
will  not  derive  new  views  of  its  harmony, 
dignity,  and  elevation,  from  the  survey  of  this 
noble  work." 


PLACES    OF    AMUSEMENT. 


NATIONAL    THEATRE. 


Between  Thirteenth  and  Fourteenth  streets, 
within  a  few  yards  of  Pennsylvania  ave- 
nue, is  the  National  Theatre.  This  resort  is 
opened  every  night  during  the  winter  months, 
and  is  generally  the  Theatre  where  all  the 
Stars  of  the  drama,  the  tight  rope,  juggling, 
dancing,  singing,  &c.,  are  congregated.  The 
system  of  Washington  starring  has  entirely 
destroyed  all  hopes  of  a  good  permanent 
Theatre,  sustained  by  a  stock  company. 
The  lights  of  the  stage  are  too  brilliant  for 
the  more  grave  complexion  of  the  regular 
delineators  of  the  drama. 

WASHINGTON    ASSEMBLY    ROOMS. 

The  old  Theatre  on  Louisiana  avenue,  in  the 
rear  of  Gadsby's  hotel,   has    recently  been 


AMUSEMENTS.  73 

converted  into  a  splendid  suite  of  rooms  for 
assemblies.  There  are  two  immense  rooms, 
each  furnished  with  dressing  apartments  and 
supper  rooms.  Great  care  and  considerable 
money  have  been  expended  to  render  these 
rooms  worthy  of  metropolitan  fashion 


GEORGETOWN. 

Our  artist  has  selected  a  spot  on  the  Virginia 
shore  of  the  Potomac  for  his  fore-ground. 
In  viev/  lies  the  city  of  Georgetown.  This 
town  formerly  belonged  to  Maryland.  It  is 
boldly  and  beautifully  situated  on  a  range  of 
hills  that  tower  above  the  river,  and  rise  in 
undulating  beauty  along  the  eastern  and 
northern  horizon. 

Georgetown  possesses  the  ancient  college 
belonging  to  the  Catholics,  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Jesuits ;  also  a  nunnery,  and 
various  other  seminaries  of  learning.  The 
heights  of  Georofetown  are  remarkable  for 
the  noble  and  expansive  view  commanded 
from  them.  Along  these  elevations  gentle- 
men of  wealth  have  built  their  dwellings, 
and  no  city  in  the  union  has  scenery  around 
it  so  interesting. 

During  the  session  many  members  of  Con- 
gress reside  here.     In  former  days  George- 


GEORGETOWN.  75 

town  was  a  place  of  great  commercial  enter- 
prise ;  and  now,  those  merchants  who  are 
largely  embarked  in  trade,  are  full  of  zeal 
and  energy.  Her  flour  mills  are  numerous, 
and  rank  with  the  best  in  the  country. 

The  artist,  with  strict  fidelity,  has  included 
a  view  of  the  Aqueduct  of  the  Chesapeake 
and  Ohio  Canal.  This  stupendous  work  is 
at  present  unfinished.  The  piers,  nine  in 
number,  are  built  of  granite,  and  imbedded 
seventeen  feet  in  the  bottom  of  the  river,  with 
a  foundation  upon  solid  rock,  so  as  to  with- 
stand the  shock  of  the  spring  ice,  which,  rush- 
ing furiously  from  the  stormy  regions  of  the 
falls  and  narrows  above,  passes  with  almost 
resistless  force  against  the  bridges  of  the 
Potomac,  sweeping  every  thing  before  it. 
These  piers,  built  in  the  most  masterly  man- 
ner, will  bear  up  against  any  force  that  may 
be  brought  against  them.  This  Aqueduct 
connects  the  great  Canal  of  the  Ohio  and 
Chesapeake  with  the  city  of  Alexandria. 
It  has  occupied  several  years  in  the  construc- 
tion. Its  length  is  fourteen  hundred  and 
f 
'orty-six  feet.     The  piers  are  thirtv-six  feel 

above  high  water  mark. 


HEIGHTS   OF   GEORGETOWN. 

It  is  needless  to  extend  our  remarks  upon 
this  point.  The  view  is  taken  from  the 
turnpike  road,  leading  from  Georgetown  to 
Fredericktown  in  Maryland. 

Nothing  can  surpass  this  splendid  pano- 
rama. Below  reposes  the  city  of  George- 
town with  its  spires-^ to  the  left  the  Metro- 
polis —  like  a  waving  band  of  silver,  the 
Potomac  stretches  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach 
to  the  south  —  while  the  Cupola  of  Mount 
Vernon  can  be  distinguished,  breaking  up 
against  the  southern  horizon. 

No  strangers  at  the  seat  of  Government 
should  omit  visiting  the  spot  whence  this 
view  was  taken. 


V 


)•  ■. 


'  -i\'^t 


I 


r 


t . 


o 
o 


y 


CATHOLIC    COLLEGE, 

GEORGETOWN. 

Georgetown  College  was  founded  in  1791, 
under  the  auspices  and  by  the  united  efforts 
of  the  illustrious  Archbishop  Carroll  and  his 
confreres  of  the  society  of  Jesuits,  who  had 
found  an  asylum  in  America  from  the  perse- 
cutions which  had  nearly  destroyed  the  order 
in  Europe.  Archbishop  Carroll,  in  a  letter 
still  preserved  in  the  College,  dated  1790, 
writes  to  F.  Charles  Plowden  in  England : 
"  Next  sprhig  we  will  commence  our  acade- 
my on  a  sight  the  most  lovely  the  eye  could 
wish  to  rest  upon."  The  description  is  not 
exaggerated,  and  the  many  improvements 
made  since  the  days  of  Carroll,  both  in  the 
number  and  finish  of  the  buildings,  the  ex- 
tension and  cultivation  of  the  demesne,  ren- 
der the  locality  of  Georgetown  College  infe- 
rior to  none  in  the  union ;  while  its  peculiar 

G 


78  MORRISOiV'S    GUIDE. 

salubrity  is  attested  by  the  extraordinary  fact 
that  no   student  has   died  on  the  premises 
since  the  foundation  of  the  College.     It  is 
situated  on  the  northern  bank  of  the  Poto- 
mac, on  the  summit  of  a  lofty  hill,  which 
rises  gradually  as  you  approach  it  from  the 
town,  with  a  very  rugged  and  abrupt  ascent 
on  the  south  to  the  margin  of  the  river,  and 
on  the  north  and  west  to  a  deep  valley.    The 
northern  declivity,  however,  has  been  beau- 
tified by  the  application  of  great  labor  and 
art,  which  have  been  successfully^  employed 
in   the   formation   of   a  magnificent  garden, 
falling  in  regular  gradations  to  its  base. 

The  buildings  are  of  brick,  and  are  very 
elegant  and  commodious.  They  are  capable 
of  containing  above  two  hundred  boarders. 
The  most  prominent  are  the  old  and  new 
colleges,  occupying  opposite  extremities  of 
the  lofty  eminence  on  which  they  are  erect- 
ed, and  about  three  hundred  feet  asunder. 
The  old  college  i's  occupied  by  the  profes- 
sors. The  new  one  is  appropriated  to  the 
students,  and  in  it  are  the  class  rooms,  dor- 
mitories, library,  museum,  &c. 


GEORGETOWN.  79 

About  ten  years  ago  another  splendid  edi- 
fice was  erected  near  the  old  college,  in 
which  are  the  refectory  of  the  students,  the 
study  room,  and  a  most  beautiful  chapel. 
From  the  fourth  story  of  the  new  college 
there  is  a  prospect  not  surpassed  in  richness 
and  variety  by  any  in  the  union.  It  em- 
braces within  its  range  the  Xvhole  of  Wash- 
ington and  Georgetown,  commanding  a  dis- 
tinct view  of  the  Capitol  and  the  other  public 
buildings,  with  the  great  Potomac,  bearing 
on  its  waters  the  commerce  of  the  sister 
cities,  the  third  of  which,  Alexandria,  is 
seen  at  a  distance. 

On  the  first  of  May,  1815,  the  College 
was  raised  by  Congress  to  the  rank  of  Uni- 
versity, with  the  amplest  literary  privileges. 
She  was  then  able  to  point  with  exultation  to 
some  of  the  most  distinguished  men  of  the 
Republic  as  her  first  eleves  ;  and  since  that 
period  she  has  continued  to  be  focunda  vi' 
rum  parens,  who  form  a  galaxy  of  talent 
and  virtue  of  which  any  institution  might 
well  be  proud.  The  course  of  studies  occu- 
pies, generally,  seven  years,  inclusive  of  the 


80  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

preparatory  classes,  which  last  four   years, 
unless  the  proficiency  of  the  student  autho- 
rizes an  abbreviation  of  that  term.     The  Col- 
lege  possesses  a  select  library   of  twenty- 
two  thousand  volumes,  and  is  provided  with 
an  extensive  philosophical  apparatus,  and  a 
cabinet  of  minerals.     The  system  of  educa- 
tion embraces    the    Greek,    Latin,    English, 
French,  Spanish,  and  Italian  languages  ;  Rhe- 
toric and  Polite  Literature,  Geography,  the 
use  of  the  globes,  Book-keeping,  a  complete 
course   of  Mathematics,   Moral  and  Natural 
Philosophy,  Divinity  and  the  fine  arts.    Dur- 
ing the  whole  course  great  attention  is  paid 
to  composition,    particularly   English.     For 
the  improvement  of  students  in  public  speak- 
ing, they  are   exercised  every  week  before 
the  professors  and  students  in  declamation. 
The  College  enjoys  no  endowment,  and  re- 
lies for  its  resources  upon  the  current  income 
derived  from  tuition.     The  number  of  stu- 
dents varies  from  one  hundred  and  twenty  to 
one  hundred  and  seventy ;  the  present  num- 
ber is   one   hundred   and  thirty.     The  pre- 
siding  officer   at   this  time,  is  Rev.    James 
Ryder. 


GEORGETOWIN'.  SI 

FREE    SCHOOL. 

There  is  attached  to  Trinity  Church,  George- 
town, a  free  school,  support^  by  the  vokm- 
tary  contributions  of  the  Catholics.  It  is> 
under  the  direction  of  Rev.  Peter  Cruz  and 
P.  O.  Flanagan,  S.  J.,  pastors  of  the  congre- 
gation, and  is  at  present  in  a  very  flourishing 
condition.  Above  a  hundred  children  receive 
instruction  in  this  institution. 

CONVENT    OF    VISITATION. 

The  Convent  of  Visitation,  Georgetown, 
founded  by  the  most  Rev.  Archbishop  Neale 
in  1798,  is  at  present  the  most  flourishing 
establishment  of  its  kind  in  the  United  States. 
It  is  situated  at  the  north-west  extremity  of 
the  town,  upon  the  declivity  of  one  of  the 
beautiful  heights  of  Georgetown.  The  hand- 
some range  of  buildings  appropriated  for  the 
ladies'  academy  are  of  brick,  between  two 
and  three  hundred  feet  in  length,  by  forty  in 
breadth.  In  their  interior,  usefulness  and 
convenience  are  combined  with  neatness  and 
elegance ;  and  the  apartments  are  admirably 

G* 


g2  MORRISOTV'S    GUIDE. 

adapted  to  the  uses  made  of  them.  These 
buildings  occupy  part  of  the  side  of  an  ob- 
long square,  which  contains  an  area  of  four 
or  five  acres,  part  of  which  is  appropriated 
as  play  ground  for  the  scholars,  and  the 
remainder  as  an  excellent  botanical  garden. 
There  are  other  edifices  of  great  extent  on 
the  same  square,  comprising  the  Bishop's 
residence,  an  elegant  church,  the  convent 
and  charity  schools.  The  whole  is  under 
the  direction  of  the  sisters  of  the  visitation, 
the  sole  object  of  whose  united  exertions  is 
the  advancement  of  the  young  ladies  in  piety 
and  virtue,  in  intellectual  and  external  culti- 
vation, and  in  fitting  them  for  the  domestic 
duties  of  life.  The  number  of  boarders  is 
generally  one  hundred.  The  benevolent 
school  for  the  instruction  of  poor  female 
children  is  numerously  attended. 


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ALEXANDRIA. 

The  spectator,  who,  from  the  western  front 
of  the  CaDitol,  overlooks  the  beautiful  and 
diversified  plain  which  stretches  beneath  and 
around  it,  will  discern,  at  the  distance  of 
about  six  miles  to  the  south,  the  town  and 
port  of  Alexandria. 

Facilities  for  reaching  it  are  afforded  by 
the  steamboats,  which  ply  at  almost  every 
hour  of  the  day,  and  also  by  a  bridge* 
across  the  Potomac,  and  an  excellent  turn- 
pike. The  strikingly  beautiful  features  of 
the  intervening  country — the  graceful  out- 
line of  the  Virginia  hills,  confronted  by  those 
of  Maryland — the  broad  and  majestic  ex- 
panse  of    the   Potomac,    (whose  name,  we 

*  This  bridge  was  broken  by  the  ice  during  the 
winter  of  1840,  but  a  hberal  appropriation  has  been 
made  by  Congress  for  its  repair,  which  is  expected  to 
be  finished  next  summer.  In  the  meantime,  a  ferry 
boat  supplies  the  communication. 


84  M  O  R  R  I  S  0  IV  '  S    G  U I  D  E. 

have  been  told,  signifies  in  the  Indian  lan- 
guage, "  the  River  of  Swans,''''  and  might 
seem  descriptive  of  its  characteristic  gran- 
deur and  stateliness,)  —  all  these  conspire  to 
render  an  excursion  to  Alexandria  one  of  the 
most  ao:reeable  incidents  which  can  await 
the  soiourner  in  Washing-ton.  We  deem  it, 
therefore,  entirely  compatible  with  our  plan, 
to  dwell  with  some  little  particularity  on  the 
history  and  condition,  of  this  third  and  oldest 
of  the  cities  of  the  District. 

Few,  comparatively,  of  the  interior  towns 
of  the  United  States  can  look  back,  like 
Alexandria,  on  the  vicissitudes  of  nearly  a 
century.  Its  foundation  dates  from  1748, 
and  that  it  was  early  a  place  of  some  note  is 
shown  by  the  fact,  that  five  colonial  Gover- 
nors met  here  by  appointment,  in  1755,  to 
take  measures  with  General  Braddock  re- 
specting his  expedition  to  the  west.  That 
expedition  proceeded  from  this  place  ;  and 
tradition  still  points  to  the  site  on  which  now 
stands  the  older  Episcopal  Church,  (but  then 
**  in  the  woods,")  as  the  spot  where  he 
pitched  his  tents,   while  the  road  over    the 


ALEXANDRIA.  85 

western  hills,  by  which  hi's  army  withdrew, 
loniT  bore  the  name  of  this  unfortunate  Bri- 
tish  commander.  But  the  reminiscences 
which  the  Alexandrians  most  cherish,  are 
those  which  associate  their  town  with  the 
domestic  attachments  and  habits  of  Wash- 
ington. The  reader  of  his  letters  and  ad- 
dresses will  remember  that  he  constantly 
speaks  of  them  as  his  old  and  valued  fellow- 
citizens,  his  kind  and  cherished  neighbors 
and  associates.  Writing  from  York  Town, 
he  assures  them  that,  "  amidst  all  the  vicissi- 
tudes of  time  and  fortune,  he  should  ever 
regard  with  particular  affection  the  citizens 
and  inhabitants  of  Alexandria."  On  another 
occasion  he  mentions  with  seeming  exulta- 
tion, that  the  people  of  Alexandria,  who,  on 
hearins:  of  the  ratification  of  the  Constitution 
by  the  requisite  number  of  States,  had  deter- 
mined to  devote  a  day  to  festivity,  "consti- 
tuted the  first  public  assembly  which  had 
the  pleasure  of  pouring  out  a  libation  to  the 
ten  States  that  had  actually  adopted  the  Ge- 
neral Government."  This  friendly  interest 
was  manifested  on   every   occasion,    and    a 


86  1  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

legacy  of  £1,000  to  a  free  school  in  the 
town,  testifies  that  it  ceased  only  with  his 
life.  Nor  were  the  Alexandrians  backward 
in  acknowledging,  nor  have  they  been  since 
unmindful  of,  the  honor  which  so  intimate 
and  cordial  an  intercourse  conferred  upon 
their  city.  Of  the  sympathies  which  reas- 
sured him  in  the  hour  of  difficulty,  of  the 
acclamations  which  greeted  him  in  that  of 
his  success,  theirs  were  not  the  least  fervent, 
or  the  least  welcome.  It  was  this  "  voice 
from  home"  which,  amid  the  applauses  of 
the  world,  seemed  ever  to  c'ome  with  most 
acceptance  to  the  heart  of  Washington.  The 
stranger  in  Alexandria  is  still  pointed  to  the 
church  of  which  he  was  a  vestryman,  to  the 
pew  in  which  he  customarily  sate — and 
many  striking  memorials  of  his  varied  life 
are  carefully  preserved.  Among  the  local 
anecdotes  which  relate  to  his  intercourse 
with  the  town,  the  follov/ing,  which,  though 
authentic,  has  found  its  way  into  but  few 
biographies  of  Washington,  may  not  be  un- 
acceptable. 

When  yet  but  twenty-two  years  of  age, 


ALEXANDRIA.  87 

he  was  Stationed  with  a  regiment  of  Virginia 
militia,  of  which  he  was  Colonel,  in  the 
town  of  Alexandria.  An  animated  election 
for  delegates  to  the  Assembly  came  on,  and 
Washington,  who  entertained  a  warm  politi- 
cal and  personal  partiality  for  one  of  the  can- 
didates, engaged  with  ardor  in  the  contest. 
The  opposite  candidate  was  supported  with 
equal  warmth  by  Mr.  W.  Payne,  a  respecta- 
ble citizen  of  the  neighborhood,  between 
whom  and  Washington  an  angry  discussion 
ensued  in  the  street.  In  the  cjurse  of  it, 
Washington  was  hurried  to  the  length  of  ap- 
plying a  direct  personal  insult  to  Payne,  and 
was  answered  by  a  blow,  which  felled  the 
future  hero  to  the  ground.  The  military 
crowded  around,  and  would  have  avenged 
their  beloved  leader  on  the  spot,  but  Wash- 
ington, with  characteristic  moderation,  ap- 
peased the  tumult,  and  withdrew  to  his 
quarters.  The  next  morning  Mr.  Payne 
was  invited  to  his  room,  and  went,  expecting 
arrangements  for  a  resort  to  the  usual  and 
extreme  mode  of  reparation.  But  Washing- 
ton had  passed  the  interval  in  reflection,  and 


88  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

had  regained  the  mastery  of  his  passions. 
He  received  his  late  opponent  v/ith  courtesy, 
acknowledged  the  injustice  \vhich  he  had 
done  him,  and  a  personal  friendship  was 
cemented  which  terminated  only  with  their 
lives.  It  may  safely  be  said,  thai;  but  few 
men  would  have  been  thus  capable  of  recog- 
nizing and  atoning  for  a  wrong :  of  the  he- 
roes of  the  world,  Themistocles  might  have 
acted  thus  from  policy ;  Turenne  from  con- 
stitutional equanimity  ;  but  Washington  was 
actuated  by  that  high  princij)le  which  accom- 
panied him  through  life,  and  which  rendered 
him  as  incapable  of  inflicting  as  of  submitting 
to  injustice.  * 

Alexandria,  as  is  commonly  known,  came 
with  the  rest  of  the  District,  under  the  exclu- 
sive control  of  the  General  Government  in 
the  year  1800.  Previously  to  this,  and  for 
a  few  years  afterwards,  the  commerce,  re- 
sources, and  general  prosperity  of  the  town, 
seem  steadily  to  have  advanced.  Owin(y, 
however,  to  causes  which  have  been  various- 
ly sought  in  the  restrictive  policy  which  it 
was  thought  necessary  to  oppose  to  the  ag- 


ALEXANDRIA.  89 

gressions  of  England  and  France,  in  the 
rivalry  of  neighboring  cities,  and  even  in  the 
disfranchisement  which  attended  the  separa- 
tion of  this  part  of  the  District  from  Virgi- 
nia, the  prosperity  of  Alexandria  received  a 
check  in  the  early  part  of  the  century,  fol- 
lowed by  a  long  period  of  vicissitude  and 
depression.  But  the  visitor  will  be  gratified 
at  witnessing  many  proofs  of  revived  ac- 
tivity, and  will  observe,  in  the  style  of  seve- 
ral recent  build ing,s,  sufficient  evidence  that 
a  new  impulse  has  been  communicated  to  the 
hopes  and  spirit  of  the  inhabitants. 

Among  the  public  works  which  attest  the 
spirit  or  animate  the  hopes  of  the  Alexan- 
drians, the  first  place  is  undoubtedly  due  to 
the  Canal,  now  nearly  completed,  and  ex- 
pected to  open  to  them  the  resources  of  the 
upper  Potomac.  The  intelligent  observer 
who  views  the  Aqueduct  at  Georgetown, 
which  forms  a  part  of  it,  will  wonder  how 
so  stupendous  an  undertaking  could  have  en- 
tered into  the  contemplation  of  a  community 
like  that  of  Alexandria.  Nor  is  it  possible 
that  it  could  have  been  efiected  until   after 

H 


90  MORRISO^''S    GUIDE. 

long  years  of  embarrassment  and  distress, 
had  not  the  timely  and  munificent  aid  of  the 
Federal  Government  been  extended  to  the 
work.  When  completed,  this  canal  will  con- 
fer on  Alexandria  unsurpassed  facilities  for 
manufacturing.  The  abundance  and  cheap- 
ness of  provisions,  and  the  salubrity  of  the 
air,  are  favorable  to  this  object ;  and  many 
flourishing  manufactories  of  iron,  leather, 
peltries,  &:c.,  already  exist. 

A  new  Court  House,  of  large  dimensions 
and  handsome  design,  has  been  recently  add- 
ed to  the  conveniences  of  the  town  through 
the  liberality  of  Congress. 

The  Museum,  kept  in  rooms  over  the 
market-house,  is  well  worth  attention,  com- 
prising, as  it  does,  more  personal  relics  of 
General  Washington  than  can  be  found  else- 
where, and  also  a  large  and  curious  collection 
of  specimens  in  Natural  History. 

The  churches  and  houses  of  worship  be- 
lono-ins;  to  the  town  are  numerous,  commo- 
dious,  and  well  attended.  Public  schools  are 
many,  and  their  exemplary  character  has 
acquired   for  Alexandria   wide    repute  as    a 


ALEXANDRIA.  91 

theatre  of  education.  It  will  not  be  invidi- 
ous to  particularize  that  kept  by  Benjamin 
Hallowell,  since  his  numerous  scholars  have 
carried  its  reputation  into  every  part  of  the 
union. 

Within  a  few  years  past,  an  association 
styled  the  Lyceum,  and  accommodated  in  a 
new  and  tasteful  edifice,  built  of  free-stone, 
after  the  Doric  order,  has  served  to  evince 
that  the  citizens  of  Alexandria  are  not  behind 
the  most  enlightened  communities  of  the  age 
in  a  love  of  letters,  or  a  zeal  for  improve- 
ment. The  course  of  lectures  delivered 
during  the  winter,  brings  together  with  great 
regularity  a  crowded  audience,  and  to  the 
ordinary  attractions  of  the  institution  have 
been  occasionally  added  the  names  of  such 
lecturers  as  Adams,  Barnard,  Gushing,  Good- 
rich, Gurley,  &c. 

The  channel  of  the  river  tends  obliquely 
from  the  mouth  of  the  Eastern  Branch  to  the 
wharves  of  Alexandria,  where  its  depth  is 
between  forty  and  fifty  feet.  Rising  by  a 
gentle  acclivity  from  the  water's  edge,  the 
country  subsides  into  a  wide  and  level  plain, 


92  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

until  it  reaches  the  base  of  a  range  of  hills 
whose  summits,  at  different  points,  (such  as 
Shuter's  Hill,  Mount  Ida,  Arlington,  &c.,) 
present  a  succession  of  views,  which,  for  ex- 
tent, variety,  and  beauty,  it  might  be  difficult 
to  rival. 

The  population  of  Alexandria  by  the  late 
census,  is  as  follows,  viz: 

Whites, 5,758 

Free  colored,  -  -  -  -  -  1,627 
Slaves, 1,074 


Total  in  1840,       -         -         -     8,459 
in  1830,      -         -         -     8,263 


( ( 


Increase,       -         -         -         -        196 


•^y.  »-<li 


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o 


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© 


MOUNT    VERNON. 

The  picture  herewith  presented  of  this  classic 
and  patriotic  shrine,  is  eminently  correct. 
The  house  stands  on  a  bold  hill  overlooking 
the  Potomac.  It  is  distant  about  fourteen 
miles  from  Washington.  Every  thing  about 
Mount  Vernon  is  in  keeping  with  the  great 
man  whose  home  it  was.  The  trees  are  large 
and  shady.  The  vistas  through  the  woods 
commanding  glimpses  of  the  glittering  river, 
and  the  passing  sails,  the  green  slopes  bask- 
ing in  the  sun,  and  gradually  losing  themselves 
beneath  the  shadowy  underbrush.  The  house 
itself  is  two  stories  high,  and  surmounted  by 
a  small  cupola,  over  which  is  an  ancient  and 
storm  beaten  weather-cock.  The  piazza 
reaches  from  the  ground  to  the  eaves  of  the 
roof,  and  is  guarded  on  the  top  by  a  light  and 
tasteful  balustrade.  The  pillars  are  large  and 
graceful,  and  present  a  simple  and  grand  idea 
to  the  mind.     Beneath  this  porch  the  Father 

H* 


94  MORRISOIV--S    GUIDE. 

of  his  country  was  accustomed  to  walk,  and 
the  ancient  stones,  to  hearts  of  enthusiastic 
patriotism,  are  full  of   deep  and  meditative 
interest.     The   interior  is  wainscotted  after 
the  fashion  of  those  days,  with  highly  wrought 
cornices  and  shafts.     The  rooms  are  generally 
small  except  the  dining  room,  which  is  a  spa- 
cious and  hospitable  hall.     The  whole  house 
presents  a  curious   spectacle.     Every  thing 
reminds  you  of  former  days  ;  and  in  treading 
the  halls  of  Mount  Vernon,  the  mind  reverts 
incessantly  to  that  majestic  form,  whose  sha- 
dow cast  upon  those  very  walls,  seems  to  the 
mind's  eye,  ready  to  start  before  you  into  life. 
On  the  hill  side  toward  the  river,  the  visitor 
is  led  to  a  rude  and  despoiled  vault.     Every 
thing     about   it  bears   evidence  of    neglect 
and  almost  of  desecration.      The   door  way 
is    broken   in,   the  wood  rotted,  the    stones 
thrown  in  disarray.    The  ceders  on  the  sodded 
vault  are  withered.     H  ere  slept  from  the  day 
of  his  burial  until   within  a  few  years  back, 
the  body  of  the  illustrious  chief.     A  new  vault 
was  built  some  distance  off,   and  thither  he 
was  removed.     In  a  sarcophagus  now  sleep 


e 

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3f»      it 


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MOUJVT    VER^'OX.  95 

the  remains  of  Washington.  The  lid  is 
wrought  with  the  arms  of  his  country,  and 
his  simple  but  elegant  epitaph  is  his  name. 
By  his  side  in  a  corresponding  tomb,  are  the 
ashes  of  "  Martha,  consort  of  Washington." 


THE    RIVER    POTOMAC. 

This  beautiful  river  forms  a  junction  with 
the  Bay  of  Chesapeake,  one  hundred  and 
fifty  miles  from  the  sea.  From  thence  to  the 
head  of  tide  water  is  about  one  hundred  and 
sixty  miles.  Its  shores  vary  from  the  pebbled 
and  sandy  beach,  to  the  bold  and  wooded  cliff. 
Higher  up  above  Georgetown,  the  scenery 
elevates  itself  into  the  sublime,  and  rock  piled 
upon  rock,  lift  their  heads  to  u  ^louds,  while 
far  below,  the  boiling  and  vexed  river  sweeps 
hurriedly  along.  In  the  upper  regions  of 
Maryland  it  steals  its  way  among  sequestered 
mountains,  hiding  itself  in  the  deep  forest 
gloom,  or  sparkling  along  in  the  sun-light 
tlaat  breaks  through  the  thick  ^  "  -^2. 

"  It  is  seven  and  a  half  mV  at  its 

mouth ;  four  and  a  half  at  Noraon_y  x^aj  ;  three 
at  Aquier ;  one  and  a  half  at  Hallowing  point ; 
one  and  a  qivarter  at  Alexandria ;  and  the  same 
from  thence  to  the  City  of  Washington,  which 


RIVER  POTOMAC.  97 

is  within  three  miles  of  the  head  of  tide  water. 
Its  soundings  are  seven  fathoms  at  the  mouth ; 
five  at  St.  George^ s  Island^  four  and  a  lialf 
at  Lower  Matchodic  ;  three  at  Swan's  jioint; 
and  the  same  from  thence  to  the  city."-^/r/*- 
ferso7i^s  note  on  Virginia. 

From  the  Capes  of  the  Chesapeake  to  the 
City  of  Washington,  is  upwards  of  three 
hundred  miles  ;  but  the  navigation  is  easy  and 
perfectly  safe.  A  vessel  of  twelve  hundred 
hogsheads  of  tobacco  has  loaded  at,  and  sailed 
from,  Alexandria. 

The  productions  of  the  country  in  the  Ter- 
ritory of  Coir"  '  '1  and  adjacent,  are  wheat, 
tobacco,  Indian  corn  or  maize,  rye,  oats,  po- 
tatoes, beans,  peas,  and  in  short  every  thing 
within  the  range  of  agriculture  and  horticul- 
ture. The  climate  is  genial,  the  lands  capa- 
ble of  being  Vv^orked  to  great  advantage. 

The  river  abounds  in  wild  fowl  and  fish. 
Up  this  V'  ■-.  John  Smith  sailed  in  the 

early    So.  ...   of  Virginia,  exploring  its 

shores,  as  high  as  the  Great  Falls,  eighteen 
miles  above  Washington.  Within  the  mem- 
ory of  some  of  the  old  settlers  of  Waships-- 


98  MOPcRI  SON'S    GUIDE. 

ton,  a  small  band  of  Indians  inhabited  the 
banks  of  the  Eastern  Branch.  They  were 
three  adults  and  several  children.  They  lived 
in  cabins  near  a  spring  of  water,  preserving 
their  original  costume,  and  living  by  tilling 
an  acre  or  two  of  corn,  and  preparing  baskets 
of  various  colored  twigs  and  barks,  for  the 
use  of  the  neighboring  whites.  They  were 
peaceable  and  orderly,  but  they  passed  away, 
and  no  relic  remains  of  their  dwellings,  and 
scarce  a  record  of  their  existence. 


V 


^iM^ 


l!9 


LITTLE    FALLS   BRIDGE. 


The  view  herewith  given  is  the  representa- 
tion of  a  wild  and  romantic  scene.     It  lies 
about  three  miles  above  Georgetown,  and  can 
be  approached  by  an  excellent  road,  along  the 
tow-path  of  the  Chesapeake  and  Ohio  Canal. 
The   Bridge  is   flung   across    the   Potomac, 
which  is  here  very  narrow,  scarcely  over  a 
hundred  yards  in  breadth.     The   current  is 
rapid,  rolling  along  over  a  rocky  bottom.     A 
few  hundred  yards  above  the  bridge,  are  the 
lesser  falls  of  the  Potomac.     These  cascades 
are  about  thirty  feet  in  height.     Their  appear- 
ance is  very  picturesque.     The  Virginia  bank 
of  the  river,  is  precipitous  and  rocky,  and  rises 
to  the  height  of  more   than  a  hundred  feet. 
The  Bridge  as   presented  in  the  plate,  does 
not  exist.     It  was   swept  away  by  the  ice 
some  three  years  ago.     The  spectator  may 
judge   of  the   immense  quantity  of  ice  th,at 


100  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

comes  down  the  river,  from  the  fact  of  its  be- 
ing able  to  carry  away  a  bridge  so  high  above 
the  surface  of  the  water.  Tlie  masses  of  ice 
are  piled  mountains  high,  and  until  they  reach 
the  wide  open  waters  near  Georgetown,  pre- 
sent a  sublime  spectacle. 

Here  it  was,  that  Capt.  John  Smith,  some 
where  in  the  year  1614,  met  a  tribe  of  Indians 
and  had  a  talk  with  them.  The  mind's  eye 
can  go  back  to  that  early  day,  and  people  the 
rocky  foreground  of  our  picture,  with  groups 
of  painted  Indians,  with  their  bows  and  spears, 
mingling  with  the  stern  and  adventurous  cava- 
liers of  Smith's  party  ;  can  see  the  plumed 
cap  of  the  Christian  soldier,  and  the  eagle 
decorated  head  of  the  Indian  chief,  mingling 
in  friendly  intercourse,  and  people  the  whole 
scene  with  objects  of  high  historic  interest. 


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BLADENSBURG. 

In  order  to  make  our  views  of  the  District 
complete,  we  have  included  the  village  of 
Bladensburg,  in  Maryland,  five  miles  from 
Washinscton. 

History  has  the  name  of  this-  town  record- 
ed in  her  annals,  and  to  the  visitor  at  the  seat 
of  Government  it  must  always  be  an  object 
of  historic  interest. 

The  view  presents  the  heights  around  the 
village,  and  the  bridge  over  the  Eastern 
Branch,  which  flows  here  in  a  shallow  stream, 
afterwards  assumes  the  bold  features  of  a 
river,  and  at  Washington  is  a  mile  in  breadth. 
The  road  in  the  foreground  is  that  along  which 
the  British  army  marched  to  the  battle,  and 
afterwards  to  Washington. 

On  this  bridge  the  English  fell  in  column, 
swept  off  by  repeated  discharges  from  the 
American  artillery.     In  vain,  for  some  mo- 


102  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

ments,  were  the  commands  of  officers,  in  vain 
the  force  of  thorough  discipline  and  approved 
courage  :  the  forces  could  not  advance.  They 
wavered  under  the  terrible  discharge,  and  had 
the  scenes  of  that  unfortunate  day  been  equalled 
by  the  check  given  the  enemy  on  the  bridge 
of  Bladensburg,  the  chief  city  of  the  land, 
would  not  have  fallen  under  the  fires  of  an 
invading  army. 


CARRIAGE    FARE 

OF  WASHINGTON. 

EXTRACT  FROM  THE  LAWS  OF  THE  CORPORA- 
TION, RELATING  TO  HACKNEY  CARRIAGES, 
CABS,  OR  OTHER  VEHICLES,  CARRYING  PAS- 
SENGERS   FOR  PAY    OR   HIRE. 

Sec  12.  And  he  it  enacted,  That,  from 
and  after  the  passage  of  this  act,  the  follow- 
rates  of  fare  or  charges  for  the  conveyance  of 
persons  from  one  place  to  another  in  the  city 
of  Washington,  in  hackney  carriages,  cabs, 
or  other  vehicles,  carrying  passengers  for  pay 
or  hire,  between  day  break  and  eight  o'clock, 
P.  M.,  shall  not  be  exceeded,  tliat  is  to  say  : 

From  the  Capitol  square  to  the  Eastern 
Branch  bridge,  (known  as  the  Navy  Yard 
bridge,)  thirty-one  cents  ; 

From  the  Capitol  square  to  the  Eastern 
Branch  bridge,  (known  as  the  Middle  bridge,) 
thirty-one  cents  ; 


104  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

From  the  Capitol  square  to  the  Navy  Yard, 
twenty-five  cents  ; 

From  the  Capitol  square  to  the  south  end 
of  New  Jersey  avenue,  twenty-five  cents  ; 

From  the  Capitol  square  to  Greenleafs 
point,  twenty-five  cents  ; 

From  the  Capitol  square  to  Seventeenth 
street  west,  twenty-five  cents  ; 

For  any  distance  between  the  Capitol  square 
and  any  of  the  abovementioned  places,  notex- 
ceeding  one  half  of  the  entire  distance,  twelve 
and  a  half  cents  ;  but  any  distance  more  than 
one-half,  shall  be  reckoned  as  the  entire  dis- 
tance ; 

From  the  Navy  Yard  to  the  Middle  bridge, 
twenty-five  cents  ; 

From  the  President's  square  to  Greenleafs 
point,  twenty-five  cents  ; 

From  the  President's  square  to  the  Western 
limits  of  the  city,  twenty-five  cents  ; 

From  the  Baltimore  Railroad  depot  to  the 
National  or  Indian  Queen  Hotels,  twelve  and 
one-half  cents  ; 

From  the  said  depot  to  the  Hotel  upon 
Pensylvania  avenue,  between  Fourteenth  and 
Fifteenth  streets,  twenty -five  cents  ; 


CARRIAGE   FARE.  105 

From  the  National  or  Indian  Queen  Hotels, 
the  City  Hall,  or  any  place  in  the  vicinity  of 
those  places,  to  the  Steamboat  wharf,  twelve 
and  a  half  cents  ; 

From  the  Steamboat  wharf  to  either  of  the 
said  places,  or  places  in  their  vicinity,  twelve 
and  a  half  cents  ; 

From  the  National  or  Indian  Queen  Hotels, 
the  City  Hall,  or  any  place  in  the  vicinity  of 
those  places,  to  any  place  east  of  Seventeenth 
street  west,  or  to  any  place  west  of  Sixth  street 
east,  or  to  any  place  south  of  P  street  north, 
or  to  any  place  north  of  K  street  south,  twelve 
and  one-half  cents ; 

For  any  distance  between  Greenleaf's  point 
and  the  Navy  Yard,  or  between  the  Navy 
Yard  and  the  Middle  bridge,  or  between  the 
President's  square  and  Greenleaf's  point,  or 
the  western  limits  of  the  city,  not  exceeding 
one  half  the  entire  distance,  twelve  and  a  half 
cents  ;  but  any  distance  more  than  one  half 
shall  be  reckoned  as  the  whole  distance  :  Pro- 
vided,  no  charge  shall  be  made  exceeding 
twelve  and  a  half  cents  a  mile  for  any  distance 
above  two  miles ;  and  in  case  of  any  deten- 


106  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

tion  of  a  hackney  carriage  beyond  five  min- 
utes, the  driver  thereof  shall  be  allowed  for  the 
whole  hack  a  sum  not  exceeding  twelve  and 
a  half  cents  for  every  fifteen  minutes.  And 
for  the  conveyance  of  persons  from  any  one 
place  to  another  in  the  city  of  Washington, 
not  specified  above,  at  the  rate  of  twelve  and 
one  half  cents  a  mile.  And  for  all  conveyances 
or  detentions  later  than  eight  o'clock  P.  M., 
the  owners  or  drivers  of  hackney  carriages 
may  demand  and  receive  at  the  rate  of  fifty 
per  centum  on  the  foregoing  charges  in  addi- 
tion thereto  ;  and  in  all  the  foregoing  cases  the 
same  charges  shall  be  allowed  for  a  part  of  a 
mile  as  for  a  whole  mile. 

Sec.  13.  c8nd  be  it  enacted,  That  if  any 
owner  or  driver  of  a  hackney  carriage,  cab^ 
or  other  vehicle,  carrying  passengers  for  pay 
or  hire,  shall  refuse  to  carry  a  passenger  or 
passengers  at  the  foregoing  rates,  or  demand 
or  receive  any  greater  sum  for  the  conveyance 
of  persons  than  the  rates  by  this  act  estab- 
lished, or  shall  take  up  any  passengers  con- 
trary to  the  provisions  of  the  fourteenth  sec- 
tion of  this  act,  he  or   they,   on   conviction, 


CARRIAGE    FARE.  107 

shall  forfeit  and  pay  the  sum  of  five  dollars  for 
each  and  every  offence  :  Provided,  always, 
that  nolhinfT  herein  contained  shall  be  con- 
strued  to  prevent  any  owner  or  driver  of  a 
hackney  carriage,  cab,  or  other  vehicle,  from 
receiving  any  voluntary  compensation  for  the 
conveyance  of  persons  over  and  above  the 
rates  hereby  established  ;  but  it  shall  never- 
theless be  the  duty  of  the  owner  or  driver 
aforesaid  to  inform  the  person  offering  such 
extra  compensation  of  the  rates  fixed  by  this 
act,  otherwise  the  said  owner  or  driver  shall 
be  deemed  guilty  of  having  demanded  extra 
compensation. 

Sec.  14.  And  he  it  enacted,  That  no  dri- 
ver of  a  hackney  carriage,  cab,  or  other  vehi- 
cle, carrying  passengers  for  pay  or  hire,  shall 
when  carrying  any  number  of  passengers 
more  than  two,  or  when  the  passengers  in  the 
carriage  agree  to  pay  for  three  seats  therein, 
be  allowed  to  take  up  any  other  passenger  on 
the  way,  without  permission  of  the  persons 
in  the  same,  under  a  penalty  of  five  dollars  for 
each  and  every  offence. 

Sec.  15.  And  he  it  enacted,  That,  when- 


108  MORRISON'S    GUIDE. 

ever  any  owner  or  driver  of  a  hackney  car- 
riage, cab,  or  other  vehicle,  carrying  passen- 
gers for  pay  or  hire,  shall  demand  or  receive 
any  greater  sum  for  the  conve5'ance  of  per- 
sons who  shall  not  have  resided  twelve  months 
within  the  city  of  Washington  than  is  estab- 
lished by  the  rates  of  fare  established  in  this 
act,  or  shall  refuse  to  carry  such  person  at  the 
said  rates,  he  shall  forfeit  and  pay  double  the 
penalty  prescribed  by  the  thirteenth  section 
of  this  act. 


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